stood on the site. Statistical evidence of pipe-stem- 

 bore measurements points to 1680-1710 as the first 

 principal period of occupancy."* 



MARSHFIEI.D, PLYMOUTH 

 VVINSLOW SITE. 



COUNTY, MASS.^CHUSETTS: 



This site, excavated by Henry Hornljlower II and 

 tentatively dated 1635-1699, yielded considerable 

 quantities of gravel-tempered ware, (ailiural mate- 

 rial is predominantly from about 1675. 



FLUSHING, 

 HOUSE. 



LONG ISL.\ND, NEW YORK: THE JOHN BOWNE 



The John Bowne House is a historic house museum 

 at Bowne .Street and Fox Lane, Flushing, Long 

 Island, maintained by the Bowne House Historical 

 Society. Bowne was a Quaker from Derbyshire, who 

 built his house in 1661. A North Devon oven is still 

 in place, with its opening at the back of the fireplace. 



YORKTOU'N, VIRGINI.^. 



The National Park Service has excavated at various 

 locations in Yorktown, both in the neighboring battle- 

 field sites and the town itself. Yorktown, like Marl- 

 borough, was established by the Act for Ports in 1691. 

 In several of the areas excavated, occasional sherds 

 of North Devon gravel-tempered ware were found. 

 In refuse iiehind the site of the Swan Tavern, opened 

 as an inn in 1722 but probably occupied earlier, 

 a single large fragment of a 1 5-inch sgraffito platter 

 was discovered. No other pieces of this type were 

 found, associated artifacts having been predominantly 

 from the 18th century. 



Descriptions of Types 



North Devon Sgraffito \Vare 



Sites: Jamestown, Kecoughtan, Green Spring, 

 John Washington House, Kent Island, Yorktown, 

 Joseph Howland House. 



P.'VSTK 



Manufacture: Wheel-turned, with templates used 

 to shape collars of jugs and to shape edges and some- 

 times ridges where plate rims join bezels. 



6« James Deetz, Excavations at the Joseph Howlanil Site (C5), 

 Rocky .Vook, Kingston, Massachusetts, 1939: A Preliminary Report. 

 Supplement, The Howland Qiiarterly, 1 960, vol. 24, nos. 2, 3. 

 The Pilgrim John Howland Society, Inc. 



^N 



Figure ig. — Gravel-tempered bowl (topj and pipkins 

 from Jamestown. Colonial National Historical 

 Park. 



Temper: Fine, almost microscopic, water-worn 

 sand particles. 



Texture: Fine, smooth, well-mixed, sharp, regular 

 cleavage. 



Color: Dull pinkish red, with gray core usual. 



Firing: Two firings, one before glazing and one 

 after. L'sually incomplete oxidation, shown by gray 

 core. A few specimens haxe surface breaks or flakings 

 incurred in the firing and most show warping (sug- 

 gesting that "rejects," unsalable in England, were 

 sent to the colonists, who had no recourse but to ac- 

 cept them). 



Surfaces 



Treatment: Inner surfaces of plates and bowls and 

 outer surfaces of jugs, cups, mugs, chamber pots, and 

 other vitensils viewed on ihe exteriors are coated with 

 white kaolin slip. Designs are scratched through the 

 slip while wet and into the surface of the paste, ex- 

 posing the latter. L'ndersides of plates and chargers 

 are often scraped to make irregular Hat areas of sur- 



P.\PER 13: NORTH DEVON POTTERY IN 17TH-CENTURV .WIERIC.'K 



41 



