even thickness but measuring 2 mm. at thickest 

 point. Probably third quarter of 18th centurv. 

 N2. [Four other slightly smaller bowls of this same 

 basic type were recovered from the pit, two of them 

 with stem-hole diameters of 'f^ inch and the others 

 without measurable stems surviving. All second or 

 third quarter of 18th century. E4, Fl, K2, N2.] 



9. Tobacco-pipe bowl. Clay; of English manufac- 

 ture; neither heel nor spur; larger than no. 8; 

 stem-hole diameter ^64 inch. Probably third quar- 

 ter of 18th century. Surface. 



10. Tobacco-pipe. Clay; of English manufacture; 

 end of stem missing; wall thickness 2 mm.; heel 

 with maker's initials "H.S." on the sides, the "H"" 

 smaller than the "S"; stem-hole diameter approxi- 

 mately ^64 inch. Most pipes of this type seem to 

 have a stem length of a little under 13 inches 

 (measured from behind the heel). However, the 

 diameter of the fractiu-ed stem of this e.Nample could 

 suggest a missing section of as much as 4]^ inches. 

 giving a total length of approximately 1 foot 3K 

 inches. Second or third quarter of 18th centurv. 

 E3. 



Note: While most of the mouth-piece fragments re- 

 covered from the Rosewell pit were without glazing 

 or coating of any kind, a few possessed one or other 

 of these characteristics. Examples illustrated as nos. 

 10, 11, in fig. 14 are coated with a post cocturam 



red wax and with an ante cocturam black slip, 

 respectively. Other specimens have a treacly brown 

 glaze or a bluish green glaze flecked with light 

 brown or orange. 



For students of Mr. J. C. Harrington's stem-hole 

 theory the following statistics will be useful: 



Siralum 4/64" 5/64" 6/64" 7/64" 



2 (124)26% (327)67% (32)6.5% (2)0.5% 



3 (15)83% (3)'7% 



P^niary'- (3)50% (3)50% 



It should, however, lie remembered that it is 

 belie\ed that all three strata were deposited within 

 a few months. For this reason, and in view of the 

 small number of fragments from the two lower 

 levels, only stratum 2 is of any statistical value. 



Mr. Harrington was kind enough to examine the 

 above statistics and to make the following oliserva- 

 tions: 



Strntum j: (485 fragments) : Based upon my charts " 

 (which I still insist are not intended for such 

 use, but only to illustrate a suggested tech- 

 nique), I would have to date this collection 

 1 740-1 760, and call the 2 with JU holes 

 family heirlooms. 

 Stratuin j: Too small a sample, but if forced, I would say 



■730- 

 Primary: Ditto; 1710. 



hung around the subject's neck. Excavations beside the co- 

 lonial s;aol in Williamsburg (Excavation Register 140) resulted 

 in the recovery of 16 pipes of this type from a context attrib- 

 uted to the decade 1740-1750. Each of these pipes had a stem- 

 hole diameter of J64 inch but none was marked with the maker's 

 initials. Such marks are rare, but the most common is that of 

 R. Tippet, whose name appears in a cartouche on the right 

 wall and with the initials "R. T.'' impressed on the wall above 

 the stem. The name is generally written in three lines R/ 

 TIP/PET, but in some cases only the initials "R. T." are 

 molded in the cartouche. One example from Williamsburg 

 was foimd in a post-1770 context, and another came from a 

 group dating from between 1720 and 1740 (Colonial Williams- 

 burg site no. 28F4, E.xcavation Register 150D). The stem 

 hole of this last example measures fa inch. Tippet also made 

 pipes with heels. Adrian Oswald in his article "A Case of 

 Transatlantic Deduction" {Antiques, }u\y 1959, vol. 76, no. 1, 

 pp. 59-61) shows that the Tippet pipes were manufactured in 

 Bristol, England, and that members of the Tippet family were 

 working there as early as 1660. .\n earlier form of the heelless- 

 spurless pipe is occasionally foimd in Tidewater \'irginia with 

 the maker's initials molded on the base. If read from left side to 

 right from above (as the heeled varieties are), the initials are 

 "S. A." On the other hand it is possible to turn these pipes 

 bottom up and read the letters as ''A. S." .An example from 



Figure 36 



1. Pistol barrel. Iron; tang with screw-hole in top 

 for attaching barrel to stock; a small loop beneath 

 the barrel for pinning to the lower housing; barrel 

 octagonal at rear and tapering towards muzzle; 

 two ornamental grooves Vfn inches from rear; prim- 

 ing hole on right side }{(, inch from rear; total length 



.Skimino Planlatiun, south of the York River, was found in a 

 ploughed field with other artifacts of the period around 1680- 

 1710 (Colonial Williamsburg Collection, cat. no. 195). Such 

 an early date for the marked pipe is supported by the ^64-inch 

 diameter of the stem hole. As noted above, the Rosewell 

 example (no. 8) has a stem-hole diameter of only *jii inch. 



"" .Additional items subsequently recovered from this deposit 

 would make the ^64" column read "(16) 76.2%" and the Yn" 

 column read "(5) 23.8%." 



»' J. C. Haningion, "Dating Stem Fragments of Seventeenth 

 and Eighteenth Century Clay Tobacco Pipes," Quarlerly 

 Bullitiii of the Archaeological Society of Virginia, September 1954, 

 vtil. 1, no. 9. 



PAPER 18: EXCAVATIONS .A.T ROSEWELL 



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