is slani|H'cl three times wiili the initials "■\\'.D."" "''' 

 The socket and spine of another hoe ol' similar type 

 was also recD%ered. The spine bears traces of 

 illegible maker's stamps. The socket is somewhat 

 unusual in that it had been flattened at the back 

 and differed from the illustrated example by a wider 

 angle between the socket and the rear edge of the 

 blade. It was too decayed to merit illustration. J2; 



4. Warren hoe. Iron; heavy socket; V-shaped spine 

 extending along most of blade; blade eon\ex on 

 upper surface and concave behind: maker's stamp 

 "IM" stamped on blade on either side of the spine; 

 socket tall and narrowing towards the top, thickness 

 at base approximately 'i' inch; diameter ap]3roxi- 

 matelv 21, inches; height 2-'^ inches; forge welded 

 down the back. It has been suggested that hoes 

 of this type were used for cutting drainage gullies. 

 This example was found after ploughing in the field 

 north of the mansion in the \icinit>' of the barn(:') 

 foundations. But the character of the workmanship 

 and the stvle of the lettering in the maker's stamp 

 leave no doubt that this is a colonial instrument. 

 Unstratified. 



5. Grub hoe. Iron; fiat blade with narrow V-shaped 

 spine triple-stairiped with maker's irark "\\'.M."; 

 socket tapers slightly towards the top, is % to -'je inch 

 thick at base, approximately 2's inches in diameter, 

 and 2}2 inches long. Examples of this type have 

 been found in Williamsburg excavations and in a 

 cache of agricultural tools at Greenspring Plantation 

 near Jamestown. """' 



6. Scissors. Iron (see fig. 21. no. 13, p. 198). 



7. Ice skate. Iron; fluted blade; the toe flattening 

 and cur\ing gracefully upwards; screw fitting be- 

 neath heel for mounting into wooden patten, and 

 a notched lug close to the ball of the foot for a 

 similar purpose. From field north of Page Gra\e- 

 yard. The skate was tied to the sole of the wearer's 

 shoe by leather thongs or with ribbons. In 1709 

 William Byrd records that he took a group of house 

 guests for a walk and "slid on skates, notwithstanding 

 there was a thaw." '"" In 1769 the shop of Sarah 

 Pitt in Williamsburg was offering fluted and plain 



"'■'' Colonial VVilliamsburi» archf-ological collection. No. 

 2-287-OC. 



'"'See Louis R. Caywood. Grcin Spring Planlatwn, arche- 

 ological report, Washington, D.C., U.S. National Park .Service, 

 1955, pi. 9. 



">' William Byrd, The Strret Diary of William Byrd of Westmir, 

 1709-1712 (edited by Louis B. Wright and Marion Tinline; 

 Richmond, 1941), entry for December 29, 1709. 



skates, with or witlunu leather."^" .Skates of the 

 Rosewell type are to be seen in numerous pictures 

 of the late 18th century, notably the engrax'ing 

 It'ifiler Amuscmrnt, 1782, printed and sold by 

 C'arington Bowles of London, and in a mez7Gtint 

 from a painting by John Collet eittitled The Pleamres 

 uf Skating — or, a View in Winter. 1780. also published 

 by Bowles.'"'' 



Figure 38 



1 . Hinge or hasp. Iron: crudely made; with butterfly 

 terminal; a ri\et punched through the broken arm; 

 the other arm without any holes for nailing or 

 ri\eting: metal approximately 1 mm. thick. .Sec 

 n(j. 2. 18th century. J2. 



2. Hinge or hasp. Crudely made; with butterfly ter- 

 minal at one end and no evidence of nail holes; 

 the other arm broken and much decayed. In the 

 course of cleaning it was found that the broken arm 

 was riveted to a fragment of iron of the same 

 thickness as itself. Unfortunately, there was insuffi- 

 cient metal sur\-i\ing for chemical cleaning to be 

 possible. 18th century. J2."" 



3. Hinge (?). Scroll terminal at bulbous end and nail 

 attached )(, inch from it: part of another nail hole 

 at the break: metal slightly convex and 1 to 2 miti. 

 thick. 18th century. C3. 



4. Hinge. Iron: one arm almost entirely missing: end 

 of other arm lost; '" latter arm pierced by two 

 nail holes, one with diameter of 3 mm.; metal 1 mm. 

 thick; length of sur\iving arm 2 inches. 18th 

 century. A2. 



.S. Hinge or ornamental strap. Iron; blade-shaped 

 with two rivets attached and a hole for a third 

 ri\-et at the broken end: metal 1 to 2 mm. thick. 

 18ih centur\'. L2. 



6. Plate from interior of rim lock. Iron: shaped to 

 enable key to pass beneath it; metal 1 to 1.5 mm. 

 thick: heavily brazed; probably comes froin a brass 

 lock. Surface. 



"" Virgima Gazelle, October 26, 1769, p. 2. 



109 po,. further details concerning skating in the 18th century, 

 see Jane Carson, Colonial Virginians at Play (multilithed research 

 report). Research Department, Colonial Williamsburg, 1958, 

 pp. 190-192. 



i"'A fragment of a third hinge of this type was found in 

 stratum M2. 



Ill When found, this hinge appeared to spread at the end 

 into the butterfly form of nos. 1 and 2. Unfortunately the end 

 disintegrated during cleaning. 



226 



BULLETIN 225: CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY 



