ETHNOLOGY. 



385 



cylindrical knobs proceed, looking, again, very much like attachments 

 for a handle. 17022 is a very rude mask of marble. 



COLLARS. 



The objects commonly called collars receive their name from their 

 resemblance to horse-collars, and not from any knowledge we have of 

 their use. There were thirty-five of them in the Latimer collection, 

 but some were exchanged and sent away before this description was 

 written. Four of them are yet in the rough state — so rough, in lact, 

 that we cannot positively afQrm that they were destined for collars, 

 (Fig. 50.) None of the characteristic marks of the collars are visible. 

 Assuming this as their probable end, they serve to show what an im- 

 mense amount of labor it must have taken to reduce a stone of such 

 great size and hardness to the slender and graceful finished object. The 

 accompanying table gives their dimensions in inches : 



Of those that, are finished there are two classes — the massive oval, 

 and the slender oblique-ovate, or pear-shaped collars. The latter are 

 far more highly polished and ornamented than the former, and some of 

 the ornamental patterns on the massive forms are reproduced but more 

 elaborated on the slender variety, notably the gourd-shaped ridge sur- 

 rounding the panels. One of these objects is figured in " Flint-Chips," 

 p. 231, but it is either wrongly drawn or represents another class 

 entirely different from any in the Latimer collection. Another is said 

 to be engraved in Mem. de la Soc. du Nord, containing Mr. C. Eafn's 

 report on the "Cabinet d'Antiquit^es Ara6ricaines^ Copenhagen, 1858," 

 but I have not seen it. In Scribner's Monthly, August, 1875, are four 

 woodcuts of collars pretty faithfully drawn. Both classes are marked 

 by the presence of a projection or prominence resembling a knot on the 

 outside of the upper limb of the circumference. This projection, always 

 midway between the anterior and the posterior margin, is sometimes on 

 the right side and sometimes on the left. This circumstance gives rise 

 to two subclasses, the right-shouldered and the left-shouldered. The 

 other marks which, by their peculiar forms, or by their i)resence or ab- 

 sence, give individuality to the different specimens are: the shoulder; 

 the shoulder-ridge, or fillet; the boss, or swelling at the bottom; the 

 right panel ; the left panel ; the panel ornament (always most elaborate 

 on the side opposite the shoulder) ; the marginal prominences of the 

 shouldered side; the panel border, or scroll ; and the marginal ridge 



