monima] CARADRINIDAE 75 



dorsal line pale, brown-edged ; spiracular pale, marked with 

 white on 4-7 or part of them, edged above with a dark brown 

 or blackish stripe; posterior edge of 12 pale, preceded by dark 

 spots ; head marked with brown or black : on oak, birch, poplar, 

 etc. ; 5, 6. 



9. M. gothica, L. 31-35 mm. Antennae in ^ bipectinated. 

 Forewings purple-reddish-brown, more or less mixed with grey, 

 darkest in disc; subbasal line partly blackish -edged ; first and 

 second lines pale, dark-edged ; orbicular and reniform outlined 

 with pale, discal cell black from first line to reniform ; a blackish 

 submedian dash before second line ; subterminal line pale or 

 yellowish, darker-edged anteriorly. Hindwings grey. 



Britain to the Orkneys, Ireland, very common ; 4, 5. Larva 

 light green, with numerous pale yellowish dots ; dorsal and 

 subdorsal lines pale yellowish or whitish ; spiracular very broad, 

 whitish, dark-edged above ; head light green : on oak, Salix, 

 hawthorn, etc. ; 5-7. 



15. Charabas, Stph. 



Head rough-scaled ; eyes hairy. Anteimae in ^ bipectinated, 

 towards apex simple. Thorax without distinct crest. Abdomen 

 not crested. 



Includes the following species only : — 



1. C. graminis, Z. 29-37 mm. Forewings brown or brownish- 

 ochreous, disc darker or mixed with dark fuscous; median vein 

 white in disc to beyond origin of branches, more broadly 

 posteriorly ; spots pale ochreous ; subterminal line indicated by 

 posterior series of dark fuscous spots or suifusions. Hindwings 

 grey, darker posteriorly. 



Britain to the Shetlands, Ireland, in dry open gi*assy places, 

 common, sometimes abundant; N. and C. Europe, N. Asia, N. 

 America ; 7-9. Larva much wrinkled, gi'eenish-ochreous to dark 

 bronzy-brown ; dorsal, subdorsal, lateral, and subspiracular 

 lines pale, blackish-edged; head brownish, dark -marked : on 

 grasses ; 4-6. The larva sometimes appears in exceptional pro- 

 fusion, and is then natui'ally very destructive. 



16. Neuronia, Hh. 



Head rough-scaled ; eyes hairy. Tongue short, slight. 

 Antennae in ,^ bipectinated to apex. Thorax with slight anterior 

 and posterior crests. Abdomen slightly crested near base. 



Also restricted to a single species ; it is a development of 

 Melanchra, and approaches nearest M. cespitis. 



