158 CARADRINmA [plusia 



6, 7. Larva pale green ; dorsal line darker, white-edged ; sub- 

 dorsal and lateral white ; spiracular yellowish ; dots whitish ; 

 head pale green : on Laviium, Urtica, Senecio, etc. ; 8-5. 



7. P. pulchrina, Hw. (v-aureum, Gn.) 32-40 mm. Forewings 

 light fuscous-purplish ; subbasal, first, and second lines more or 

 less marked with pale yellowish, edged with dark brown ; a 

 brown fascia beyond subbasal ; a dark ferruginous-brown sub- 

 median patch joining first and second, margined beneath 

 posteriorly by an orange suffusion ; a V-shaped discal mark 

 before middle and small round spot close beyond it shining pale 

 yellowisli or white ; median shade dark brown ; reniform partly 

 outlined with pale golden, with some dark brown suffusion ; 

 subterminal line suffusedly edged with brown except towards 

 tornus posteriorly. Hindwings pale fuscous ; a darker post- 

 median shade and terminal band. 



Britain to the Orkneys, Ireland, common ; C. Europe, NW. 

 Asia ; 6, 7. Larva midistinguished from that of P. iota ; on 

 Lamium, Urtica, Lonicera, etc. ; 8-5. 



8. P. gamma, L. 37-41 mm. Foi'ewings whitish-fuscous, 

 slightly purplish-tinged, with some indistinct darker strigulae ; 

 subbasal, first, and second lines partly marked with yellow- 

 whitish, edged with brown ; a shining pale yellowish or white 

 y-shaped median discal mark, surrounded by brown suffusion ; 

 reniform partly outlined with shining yellow-whitish, with some 

 dark brown suffusion ; subterminal line edged with brownish 

 suffusion except on tornus posteriorly. Hindwings pale fuscous ; 

 a dark fuscous terminal band. 



Britain to the Shetlands, Ireland, very common, sometimes 

 abundant ; Europe, N. and WC. Asia, Africa ; 5-9. Larva 

 green ; dorsal line double, whitish ; subdorsal and lateral 

 whitish ; spiracular yellowish ; dots whitish ; head green : on 

 Urtica, Sonchus, Geranium, Lamiwm, etc. ; 6-4. Imago flies 

 freely in sunshine ; it has been observed migrating in prodigious 

 numbers. 



9. P. chalcites, Esp. (bimaculata, Stph. ; eriosoma, Dbld. ; 

 verticilhita, Gn.) 31-38 mm. Abdomen in S with pale 

 yellowish-ochreous lateral tufts of long hairs beyond middle, 

 anal tuft black beneath. Forewings fuscous, more or less 

 golden -suffused ; lines partly golden-whitish, edged with 

 ferruginous-brown, subbasal followed by a dark brown spot in 

 disc ; a golden-white oblique U-shaped mark and oval spot 

 beyond it in disc, siuTounded by a dark golden-ltrown suffusion ; 

 corner of reniform marked with golden-white ; subterminal line 



