326 PAPILIONINA 



obsolete, that in practice no definite type is in general recognis- 

 able. 



Larva with 10 prolegs. 



Pupa with segments 9-1 1 free or partly or wholly fixed ; 

 remaining fixed during emergence. 



Although seven families are here maintained, there would be 

 considerable justification for uniting the Satyridae with the 

 Nymphalidac, and the Lycaenidae with the Pieridae. It may 

 also be I'emarked that the Hesperiadae are much more distinct 

 from all the other families, than these are fx'om one another. 

 The group as a whole certainly stands rather conspicuously 

 isolated at the present day, but there is little doubt that its 

 origin must be traced to the Thyrididae, a family of the 

 Pyralidina not represented in Britain and hardly in Europe. 



Phylogeny of Papilionina. 



Nymplialidae Satyridae 



L I 



I 



Erycinidae Lycaenidae 



I 

 Pieridae PapLIionidae 



! I 



I 



Hesperiadae 



Tabulation of Families. 

 i. Forewings with all veins present and separate 



7. Hesperiadae. 

 „ with two or more veins stalked or 



coincident . . .2. 



2. Anterior legs of <$ useless for walking . , 3. 



„ „ well-developed . . 5. 



3. Anterior legs of $ useless for walking . .4. 



,, ,, well-developed . 3. Erycinidae. 



4. Forewings with 12 greatly dilated at base 2. Satyridae. 



„ „ not basally dilated 1. Nymphalidae. 



5. Hindwings with la absent . 0. Papilionidae. 



,, ,,1^ present . . .6. 



6. Anterior tarsi of S more or less abbreviated, or 



with one or both claws 

 absent . 4. Lycaenidae. 



„ ,. „ not abbreviated, claws developed 



5. Pieridae. 



I 



