340 PAPILIONINA [erebia 



An extensive and essentially alpine group, inhabiting the 

 mountains of Europe, Asia, N. America, and S. Africa. Pupa 

 unattached amongst stem-bases of grass. E. ligea, L., is said 

 to have been taken in Scotland many years ago, but there can 

 be little doubt that the record was erroneous, probably due to 

 some confusion of specimens. 



Forewings with posterior black white-centred 



spots . . .1. aethiops. 



,, without white-centred spots . 2. epiphron. 



1. E. aethiops, Esp. {medea, Hb. ; hlandina, F.) 42-48 mm. 

 Forewings dark fuscous ; a dull ferruginous-red posterior band 

 not reaching margins, enclosing three or seldom fovir black 

 white-centred spots. Hindwings dark fuscous ; band as in 

 forewings but more indistinct and broken, with three indistinct 

 spots. Hindwings beneath with pale postmedian band, includ- 

 ing usually three white dots. 



York to Inverness, local, in valleys, not above 800 feet ; C. 

 and SE. Europe, Asia Minor, N. Asia ; 7, 8. Larva ochreous ; 

 dorsal line blackish -brown, pale-edged ; lateral pale, inter- 

 ruptedly edged beneath with blackish-brown ; supraspiracular 

 and subspiracular pale ; head ochreous : on grasses ; 9-6. 



2. E. epiphron, Kn. (cassioj^e, F.) 31-38 mm. Forewings 

 dark fuscous ; a posterior band of several cloudy dull reddish 

 spots, enclosing blackish dots. Hindwings as forewings, but 

 reddish spots fewer and smaller. Wings beneath as above, but 

 reddish spots more indistinct or partly obsolete. 



Lancashire to Inverness, W. Ireland, local, on mountains, 

 1000-3000 feet; 6, 7. Larva green; dorsal line darker, 

 yellowish-edged ; lateral yellow, dark-edged beneath ; supra- 

 spiracular yellowish; subspiracular broad, whitish-yellow; head 

 green : on grasses, especially Nardus stricta ; 8-5. 



6. COBNONTMPnA, Hb. 



Eyes glabrous. Club of antennae abrupt. Forewings : lb 

 and lower margin of cell greatly dilated towards base. 



A considerable group of very general distribution, but 

 principally in tlie Northern hemisphere. Pupa suspended by 

 the tail. 



Wings beneath with black ocellus on forcwitigs 



only . . .2. j^ciinphilui^. 



„ ,, with black ocelli on both wings 



or none . . . 1. tipilion. 



