356 PAPILIONINA 



with long hair-tuft. Anterior legs fully developed ; posterior 

 tibiae usually with middle-spurs. Forewings : all veins separate. 

 Hindwings : 5 absent. 



An extremely large family, generally distributed but absent 

 from New Zealand, most abundant within the tropics. The 

 species are usually rather small, and very similar in general 

 appearance ; their flight is bold and rapid, and often difficult to 

 follow even with the eye. 



Ovum spherical or oval, flattened beneath, smooth or 

 reticulated, sometimes ribbed. Larva moderately stout, at- 

 tenuated towards extremities, with few hairs, head relatively 

 large, broader than 2. Pupa in a slight cocoon, or attached by 

 tail and a central belt of silk. 



Cyclopaedes may be regarded as an offshoot of Pamphila ; but 

 Hesperia has no near connection with either of these. 



Tabulation of Genera. 



1. Posterior tibiae without middle-spurs 2. Cyclopaedes. 



,, ,, with middle-spurs . . 2. 



2. Forewings in $ with costal fold . .1. Hesperia. 



„ „ without costal fold . 3. Pamphila. 



1. Hesperia, F. 



Abdomen in $ sometimes with basal cavities and projections. 

 Posterior tibiae with middle-spurs, in S sometimes with basal 

 hair-pencil. Forewings in $ with costal fold ; 5 from middle of 

 transverse vein. 



A genus of some extent, inhabiting the Northern hemisphere 

 and Africa, probably of European origin ; the various species 

 differ in the secondary sexual characteristics of the S • Pupa 

 in a slight cocoon between drawn-together leaves. 



Wings with subquadrate clear white spots . 1. malvae. 



„ without such spots ... 2 tages. 



[Several specimens of H. alveus, Hb., a common European 

 species resembling malvae but larger, hindwings without white 

 spots above but with two series of obscure pale marks, are said 

 to have been taken in Norfolk about 1860; they were not 

 identified until 30 years afterwards, and as it does not appear 

 that they wei'e labelled, the probability of an error of memory 

 makes it hardly worth while to conjectuz'e whether they were 

 casual immigrants or artificially inti-oduced.] 



1. H. malvae, L. (alveolus, Hb.) 20-27 mm. Forewings 



