NOTES OX FOREST TREES. 179 



are perfectly free from the black wart which so disfigures 

 this tree in eastern Massachusetts, nor were the leaves 

 eaten by insects. 



A few specimens of Carya alba {Square-nut Hickory) 

 were found on Cumberland Head, but it is supposed they 

 were planted there as no trees of this species were found 

 in the woods or surrounding forests. 



Quercus bicolor, commonly called Swamp White 

 Oak, is the principal oak. We cut one tree that measured 

 2 feet in diameter. It is a low tree, seldom over 40 feet 

 in height. 



Quercus alba ( White Oak) is rare ; all the trees no- 

 ticed were on a ridge near Morrisonville, thirteen in number 

 and none of them were over 8 inches in diameter and 30 

 feet in height. 



Quercus rubra (lied Oak) is abundant in the southern 

 part of Clinton county. 



In Keeseville and in Peru it is a tall, slim growing tree 

 seldom over 15 inches in diameter, but averaging about 

 70 feet in height. 



Fagus ferruginea (Beech) grows in its most luxuriant 

 form in Ellenburgh. Several beech trees were measured 

 that were 12 feet in circumference and 80 or 90 feet high, 

 smooth and straight, but all such old trees are partially 

 decayed ; this was the case with three different trees nearly 

 this size which were cut. "We finally cut one that was 3 

 feet in diameter and by cutting it a second time above, w^e 

 secured a specimen 2 feet 8 inches in diameter : on the 

 end of this specimen 290 annual circles of growth were 

 counted; accordingly the largest trees (those 12 feet in 

 circumference) would be 400 years old. 



Ostrya virgixica (Hop Horubean) is common in all 

 parts of Clinton county, but it is seldom more than 6 

 inches in diameter, and 25 feet high. 



