WARMING AND VENTILATION. 



By Arthur Morin, 

 Dh'ector of ilie Conservatory of Arts and Trad. 3, Paris. 



[Translated for the Smithsonian lustitution by Clarence B. Young.] 



[_ Continued from the Smithsonian Eeportfor 1873, jp. 318.] 



APPLICATIONS. 



55. Ventilating hy means of common fire-places. — Fire-places, though not 

 ecouomical forms of heating-apparatus, produce a very pleasant temper- 

 ature, and also serve as efficient means of changing the air of occupied 

 apartments. 



Natural draught produced simply by the differencebetween the temper- 

 ature of the air within the chimney and that without, in many cases, 

 carries off as much as 14,000 cubic feet of air an hour, even when no 

 fire is burning in the iire-place. 



With a coal or wood fire of moderate intensity, the amount of air carried 

 off may be as much as 42,000 cubic feet an hour, or 2,200 cubic feet to 

 each pound of wood burned, and 3,200 cubic feet to each pound of coal 

 burned. 



But, with this advantage, common fire-places have the serious defect 

 of drawing in, through the joints of doors and windows, currents of cold 

 air, which run to the fire and chill the backs of those sitting there, au 

 effect which is particularly unpleasant when the face is very much warmed 

 by the fire. 



The various forms of apparatus in use, which are designed to warm 

 the apartment, and, at the same time, draw in external air to increase 

 the draft and promote combustion, usually have too small fines, and heat 

 the air to 170°, 212°, or more, which, issuing horizontally at about the 

 height of the occupants of the room, becomes at times unendurable. 

 These forms of apparatus have besides the defect of obstructing tbe 

 lower portion of the smoke-flue, and of reducing the volume of air ca.jried 

 oft*. Fire-places made on Douglas Galton's system, with the dimensions 

 given in § 13, do not have these objections, and are unexceptionable 

 means of warming and ventilating during the winter. 



50. Use of chimneys for summer-ventilation hy means of gas-jets. — Chim- 

 neys may easily be made to serve as ventilators during the summer, or 

 on special occasions, by placing in them an iron or copper pipe furnished 

 with several gas-burners. In the chimney of an ordinary apartment, 



