274 



WARMING AND VENTILATION. 



aud regular supply of fresh air, without depending upon the irregular 

 opening of windows. 



In this respect, all establishments of this kind, even the model one at 

 the International Exhibition, fall far short. They ..re warmed by cast- 

 iron stoves, the imperfections of which were shown in §1G. 

 As an example of what appears proper to be done in such cases, 

 Eig.14 . 1 will describe the plan car- 



Y/mmwmff////Mmamm/mmm/^//mM///i0!k ried out in the new asylum 



in the parish of Saint Am- 

 brose in Paris, the construc- 

 tion of which was intrusted 

 to M. Picq, the aichitect, 

 (Fig. 14.) 



This asylum is intended to 

 receive fifty babies. There 

 will also often be twenty- 

 five mothers there at a time, while the attendants and patronesses present 

 will usually add ten persons more. 



With these data, the maximum volume of air to be carried off and 

 replaced by fresh may reach the following figures, (§ 40 :) 



Cubic feet. 



For 50 babies, (530 cubic feet each per hour) 2G, 500 



25 visiting mothers, (1,000 cubic feet each per hour) 20, 500 



10 attendants, (1,000 cubic feet each per hour) 10, 000 



Total amount of air to be changed every hour 63, GOO 



or 18 cubic feet in a second. 



This amount greatly exceeds the actual requirement, because the regu- 

 lations of the asylum forbid the presence of the mothers in the main 

 hall. They are received and nurse their children in 3 special apartment. 



The main room is Gl feet long, 24 feet wide, and 15 feet high, 

 having, therefore, a content of about 22,000 cubic feet. With the 

 amount of air mentioned above, the complete change would take i)lace 



in ^_^. ■ =2.8 times an hour, which is quite sufficient to keep the room 



in a healthful condition. 



The room is warmed by a hot-air heater, with vertical cast-iron tubes, 

 having altogether about one hundred square feet of heating-surface, 

 communicating with a cold-air duct, which will be described hereafter. 



It was intended that this heater should have two chambers : the 

 exterior one, for drying damp linen, carrying the vapor to the chimney; 

 the interior one, opening into the room, for warming dry linen. On 

 account of the expense, these chambers were not made. 



There might easily have been placed around the fire-chamber in this 

 heater hot- water pipes connected with a receiver, in order to furnish a 

 supply of water for domestic use. 



In summer, the receiver, which, indeed, might have been placed in 



