206 WARMING AND VENTILATION. 



those wbo return from duty, after getting wet, to dry tbeir clothes and 

 shoes; for this purpose, ventilating lire-places are preferable to sheet-iron 

 stoves, because, in addition to the radiant heat they give out, they have 

 in this case the advantage of carrying off the vapor arising from the 

 damp clothing, which would make the room unhealthy and disagreeable. 

 The fire never needs to be kept up long, and it cannot be counted upon 

 to produce a constant change of air. 



If natural ventilation alone be employed, it is necessary, according to 

 observations made at the Bonaparte barracks in Paris, that the open- 

 ings for the admission and discharge should be proportioned as folloAVS : 



Area of openings and flues to each bed in summer : discharge, 31 

 square inches ; admission, G2 square inches. 



In winter, spring, and autumn, these i^roportions would be excessive, 

 and means should be provided for closing part of the openings, so as to 

 confine the circulation of air within proper limits. But the regulation 

 of the registers or valves should not be left to the discretion of the 

 soldiers. 



The necessity of preventing the soldiers, in their ignorance, from stop- 

 ping up the escape-openings requires that in this case the rule should 

 be violated which prescribes that these should be placed near the beds 

 and the floor, as it will be necessary to place them near the ceiling, as 

 well as those for the admission of fresh air. 



Ihe first should open above the space between the beds, and the flues 

 should be placed near the smoke-flue or should receive the stove-pipe 

 when stoves are used. The second, intended for the introduction of 

 fresh air, are also placed near the ceiling, and made in the face of the 

 opposite wall. 



This arrangement presents the advantage that if, as often happens in' 

 ventilation due simply to the action of natural temperatures, the direc- 

 tion of motion changes so that the escape-pipe becomes that of admis- 

 sion, no discomfort is experienced by the men, who in both cases are 

 removed as far as possible from the openings. 



These precautions will be completed by placing horizontal or inclined 

 shelves under the openings, which will force the air always to remain 

 nearly or quite horizontal in entering or passing out. 



There is no reason to fear that the air flowing in will immediately rush 

 to the escape-openings before circulating through the rooms; the difler- 

 ence of internal and external temperature will always enable the circu- 

 lation to be maintained. 



81. Utilization of the lost heat of coolcing-stoTes. — In most barracks, the 

 cooking-arrangements of the companies which occupy that part of the 

 building reached by one staircase, and often also all those used for a 

 whole wing, are collected in a single room on the ground-floor, devoted 

 to this purpose. There, separate stoves are used, in cooking, for each 

 company, squadron, or battery. Beside these stoves, strongly heated 

 twice a day, or even in their chimneys, it would be very easy and inex- 



