WARMING AND VENTILATION. 331 



In May, with external temperatures of from 64^ to 68° at 7 o'clock, and 

 from 550 to 570 at midnight, the temperature on the stage was on an 

 average 71° to 73^. 



139. Yolume of air carried off at thecupola toacuhicfoot of gas burned. — 

 During the experiments of May, 18G3, the volume of gas burned an hour 

 in the main room was on an average 2,940 cubic feet, and the volume of 

 air was 1,361,000 cubic feet, which corresponds to 402.5 cubic feet of air 

 carried off by a cubic foot of gas consumed. But in the above-men- 

 tioned consumption is included that of a large number of burners which 

 had no direct influence on the ventilation. A removal of 600 to 800 

 cubic feet of air to a cubic foot of gas directly consumed to produce it 

 may be calculated upon when proper arrangements are made. 



140. Consequences of the preceding facts. — The results of direct experi- 

 ment made in different seasons show that the arrangements adopted 

 for warming and ventilating the Lyric Theater are capable of producing 

 satisfactory results. The same is true of the Gaites. 



It is a pity to see the public, in consequence of the senseless parsi- 

 mony of the manager of a theater, deprived of the advantages which 

 the administration of the city of Paris has, at considerable expense, 

 undertaken to secure them. 



STABLES AND COW-HOUSES. 



141. The capacity of stables should be 1,800 cubic feet to each animal ; 

 this was the proportion adopted in 1841 by the war-minister for cavalry- 

 stables. In all constructed since that time for the army-service, the 

 width allowed for each horse is about 4f feet. 



This increase of space produced from 1835 to 1858 a reduction in the 

 number of horses lost in 1,000, from 51 deaths by glanders in the period 

 from 1835 to 1845 to 10 only during that from 1845 to 1858, and from 94 

 deaths from all diseases in 1835 to 1845 to 22 only from 1848 to 1858. 



Large corporations, such as the General Omnibus Company and the 

 railroad-companies, are then wrong in restricting the capacity of their 

 stables to 700 or 900 cubic feet of air to a head. 



142. Permanent opening of doors and icindows. — Experiments carried on 

 for several years in cavalry-regiments in garrison in the north, center, or 

 south of France, have proved that horses have better health and greater 

 strength when kept in stables where the doors and windows are con- 

 stantly kept open night and day in all seasons than where they are kept 

 shut. Similar observations have been made in stables containing a 

 great many cattle, which are thus relieved from epidemic affections of 

 the respiratory organs. 



143. Amount of air to be alloivcd. — When stables are not arranged so 

 as to admit air throughout their whole length and by two opposite walls, 

 it is proper to make in the roof at the middle of the alleys, if they are 

 double or above the passage behind the horses, ventilatiug-chimneys of 

 brick sufficiently large to secure a ventilation of 0,400 to 7,000 cubic feet 



