31 



312. Fratercula arctica Steph. Arctic Puffin; Sea Parrot. 

 Not uncommon winter visitant. 



313. MerguUis alle Vieill. Dovekie : Sea Dove. Irregular and 

 generally rare winter visitant along the coast; occasionally common. 



314. Uria grylle Briinn. Black Guillemot. Rather common 

 winter visitant. 



315. Lomvia troile Brandt. (L. troile et ringvia auct.) Common 

 Guillemot; Murre. Common winter visitant. 



316. Lomvia arra Coues. (Cataractes lomvia Bryant.) Thick- 

 billed Guillemot. Common winter visitant along the coast. 



2. Extirpated Species. 



1. Meleagris gallopavo var. occidentalis Allen. Wild Tur- 

 key. Well known to have been a common species in southern New 

 England for a long time subsequent to the first settlement of this part 

 of the country (see Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I, Sept., 1876, 55), but long 

 since ceased to exist here in a wild siate. Considered as nearly ex- 

 tinct by Emmons in 1833, but said by Hitchcock to be at that time 

 "frequently met with on Mount llolyoke" (Uep. on Geol. Mass., etc., 

 1833, 549). 



2. Grus canadensis Temm. Sandhill Crane; Brown Crane. 

 Unquestionably more or less abundant two hundred years ago (see 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I, Sept., 1S7G, 58), but there is no recent record 

 of its occurrence. 



3. Grus americamis Ord. Whooping Crane; White Crane. 

 This species was given by Emmons in 1833 as a rare but regular visi- 

 tant, but there is no later record of its occurrence. It unquestionably 

 occurred here at the time of the first settlement of the country, in 

 common with the preceding species. 



4. Alca impennis Linn. Grkat Auk. The former existence of 

 this species in Massachusetts is attested by the occurrence of its 

 bones in the Indian shell heaps of the coast, particularly at Ipswich, 

 and there arc also unquestionable allusions to its presence on Ca^pe 

 Cod at the time the coast was explored by Gosnold in 1002 (see Bull. 

 Nutt. Orn. Club, I, Sept., 1870, o\)). 



Other species that are virtually extirpated, although retained in the 

 preceding list, are the Prairie Hen {Cupidonia enpido), supposed to be 

 now restricted to Martha's Vineyard, where only a few, if indeed any, 

 representatives of this formerly rather common species still exist (see 

 anted, p. 22): the Whistling Swan (Cygnus americamis), now only a 

 rare straggler, and probably also the Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus bucci- 

 nator). To these may probably be added the Labrador or Tied Duck 

 (Camptolaimiis labradorivs), respecting which see Rowley, Orn. Miscel., 

 pt. VI, pp. 205-223, 1877; also Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, III, Apr., 1878. 



