22G ETHNOLOGY. 



These signs are, on tlie whole, mnemouic. Of the uine radicals, eight 

 are as much so as possible : the opening of the cavern, the pillar-stone, 

 the dolmen, the tumulus, the se])ulchral fosse, the enceinte, the pile- 

 dwelling, and the mining-hammer. There remains only the symbol for 

 finds f but it was impossible to make this mnemotechnic. We have, 

 therefore, agreed upon the symbol most generally employed, one pre- 

 viously proposed by M. Chantre in the Frojet d'un Legende Internationale^ 

 and which has received the approbation of the congress. 



Finally, these signs are multipliable, as we shall proceed to show in 

 the following section, devoted to derivatives. 



§ 3. Derivative syjnbols. 



The radical symbols which form the base of the system, and which 

 indeed would suffice on maps of a small scale and for general purposes, 

 ought to be capable of such multiplication as is demanded by a chart on 

 a larger scale and with greater specialization. It is this more refined 

 analysis which calls forth the derivative signs. These ought to be, as 

 much as possible, only the evident modifications or simple combinations 

 of the radical symbols themselves. We shall give successively the tables 

 of derivative signs, proceeding in each from the radical which forms the 

 starting-point. 



1. Radical cavern, souterrain. — The caverns, grottoes, souterrains may 

 be either natural or artificial. It is imi)ortant to distinguish between 

 these two classes. The radical symbol may be used in both cases; open 

 ibr the mouth of the artificial caverns, which are generally smaller and 

 better illuminated ; dark for the grottoes and natural caverns, which 

 are deeper and more obscure. 



B[ Cavern, grotto, natural shelter. 



n Grotto or souterrain, of human construction. 



Natural sepulchral grotto. 



VY Artificial sepulchral grotto. 



jTTj Subterraneous refuge. 



The study of sepulture being of the highest importance in archeology, 

 the sepulchral grotto should be distinguished, which can easily be done 

 by combining the symbol, natural grotto or artificial souterrain, with the 

 radical sepulture. 



Finally, the subterraneous refuge or fortification is designated by the 

 symbol artificial souterrain, combined with the radical enceinte or fortifi- 

 cation. 



