228 ETHNOLOGY. 



of a tower or castle, earthwork sarroauded by a Dioat or an entrencb- 

 ment, are all denoted b^' the association of tbe radicals tumulds and 

 enceinte. 



The long barrows of Great Britain are represented by the radical tu- 

 mulus with a circnlar depression in the top. 



Thr tumnli of Hungary and liussia, which often inclose chambers of 

 wood, may be shown by a dark square in the center. A mound sur- 

 mounted by a colossal statue may be represented by a tumulus symbol, 

 on the top of which is the sign for a sculptured menhir. 



To the tumulus belong really the class of objects called mardelles. 

 Although this is a term rather vsigue in its application, it is nevertheless 

 the reverse of tumulus, and may be represented by the symbol in- 

 verted. 

 /^^ fSiaiplc tumulus. 



y-^ Sepulchral mound. 

 1^^ Fortified tumulus. 



C:^ Long barrow. 



^^•WN Tumulus inclosing a wooden chamber. 



A 



Tumulus surmounted by a monument. 



T^37 Mardelle. 



5. Radical sejnilturc. — The radical sepulture may likewise be combined 

 with other radicals. A variety of readings may also be given to it by 

 the use of complementary signs, thus: an inclosed line parallel to the 

 bottom indicates sepulture by inhumation. A small black dot, standing 

 for a mass of charcoal, indicates burial by incineration. 



Cemeteries are denoted by the same synibols, to which are added the 

 sign plus to show that many graves are grouped together. 

 N — / Simple sepulture, accidental burial. 



\=3^ Sepulture by inhumation. 

 "NJLy Sepulture by incineration. 

 \*±/ Cemetery by inhumation. 



V»V Cemetery by incineration. 



G. Radical camp, enceinte, fortification.—ThQ radical crtw;; , &c., serreg 

 for all fortified inclosures, whether they are entirely surrounded by 

 defensive works, ditches, or embankments, or have the earth-work on 



