272 ETHNOLOGY. 



they were fashioned about equally as caiefally as those Mr. Tylor has 

 described. 



Figure oG is a beautifulspecimenof a lance-head of bluish-gray " fliut," 

 miueralogically uulike auy other specimen in our collection. It is the 

 leaf-form of arrow-head enlarged, aud is of excellent workmanship. This 

 measures a little less than five inches in length by two and one-eighth 

 inches in greatest width. We havemet with but few specimens of this 

 class of the size of figure 36 made of anything but slate, the jasper exam- 

 ples generally being considerably larger. It would be interesting to 

 know if these lance-heads were considered by their original owners as 

 different implements, the size determining the use. It at least seems 

 fair to infer that these smaller examples were more used in hunting than 

 in war, and just such a lance-head as this is adapted to the chase of such 

 aquatic animals as are still to be found within the limits of our State, as 

 the otter, muskrat, and, until within a few years, the beaver. These animals 

 were hunted with spears, especially in winter, and figure 29 is still keen- 

 edged enough to be as effective as the steel spear-point of the present 

 day. 



Figure 37 represents a good average specimen of the lance-heads of 

 yellow jasper, that are met with about Trenton, X. J., but are compara- 

 tively rare elsewhere in the State. The majority of the specimens found 

 are somewhat narrower, and a little longer than the one figured, which 

 is the only specimen we possess. Figure 37 measures five and one- 

 quarter inches in length by three and one-half inches in width. Neatly 

 chipped from a large flake of yellow-brown jasper, its edges are well 

 defined, as also the point and base. It is nowhere thicker than five- 

 eighths of an inch, and is far less heavy than its large extent of surface 

 would indicate. Whether used in war or in hunting, it would be diffi- 

 cult to determine, but it is of such dimensions as to combine the hatchet 

 with the lance, aud, in accordance with the mounting, would deal a tell- 

 ing cutting blow or thrust. This specimen is one of a number that were 

 discovered in plowing a piece of newly-drained meadow near Trenton, 

 N. J. * They were found buried with the i^oints up, and surrounded by 

 a sufficient number lying flat to wall them in and hold them erect had 

 they been originally placed upon the surface. The collection numbered 

 about one hundred and fifty specimens. As stated in the NaturaUst,f 

 we had at that time found no isolated specimens, but since then careful 

 search has yielded several, all, however, from the immediate neighbor- 

 hood of this deposit. We give elsewhere a figure of a second example 

 of this deposit, the specimen, though, not being a lance-head, but an 

 agricultural implement. (See chapter on " Shovels and hoes.") 



Figure 38 represents the minimum size of such " chipped flints " as 

 we would call lanceheads. It is an exaggeration of the very common 

 leaf-shaped arrow-head, but too heavy to have been used as such. This 

 specimen measures three and one-half inches in length by two and one- 



* Abbott ou " Deposit of Lance-beads," in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 18G3, p. 278. 

 t Aiuoricau Naturalist, vol. vi, p. 155. 



