STONE AGE IN NEW JERSEY. 285 



dicate any greater amount of care in their manufacture. There is no 

 fine flaking about them, while the fractured surfaces are all large. 



Figure 57 represents a well-preserved specimen of rude arrow-head, 

 with a well-shaped "tang," or stem, for insertion into the shaft of the 

 arrow. Like the preceding, there is here a total want of delicate chip- 

 ping. The detaching of a few large flakes has formed the specimen, 

 which, notwithstanding the rough workmanship, has a well-detiued 

 point and sharp cutting-edges. It measures nearly two inches in length, 

 the stem constituting two-fifths. If the arrow-maker who chipped this 

 specimen was disposed to improve the quality of his work, he should 

 certainly have felt encouraged when comparing this with such as the 

 preceding specimen. It may be doubted by many whether figure 56 

 really represents an arrow-point, but no doubt certainly can exist with, 

 reference to this specimen, figure 57. 



Figure 58 represents a common form of rude arrows-head, such as is 

 frequently found in the bed of the river, (Delaware.) It is a fragment 

 of slate-rock, roughly shaped for arrow-head i)urposes, the edges and 

 point being moderately well defined. There is a rude attempt at a stem, 

 that places this specimen intermediately between figures 50 and 57. 

 The surface in this specimen is as rough as in the preceding examples, 

 with as large and irregular flakes hammered or pressed off. The speci- 

 men apparently antedates the days of laborious jasper-chipping. 



Figure 59 represents a marked improvement in the shaping of rough 

 arrow-points. There is, in this instance, a moderately well-defined me- 

 dian ridge, from which the sides taper or slope to a sharp edge. The 

 I)oint is thin, slender, and well preserved j the base, or stem, is well 

 defined, but there are no attempts at barbs. The specimen measures 

 just two inches in length. The material is a compact sandstone that 

 readily scratches glass. It is even more modern in appearance than the 

 preceding figure, 57. 



Figure GO represents an admirably-shaped triangular arrow-point, 

 that has been brought to a point and edge with more care than is usu- 

 ally to be detected in " rude" arrow-heads as a class. There is a shal- 

 low notch at each angle of the base, giving the specimen a stemmed 

 appearance. It measures one and one-fourth inches in length and seven- 

 eighths of an inch in width, and compares favorably with the jasper trian- 

 gular arrow-points so abundantly met with in every part of the State. 



Figure Gl represent a roughly-made slender " point," that should per- 

 haps be considered as an " early" harpoon i^oiut rather than an arrow- 

 head. It is of soft material, with very crooked edges, but a well-defined 

 point. It measures three and one-fourth inches in length, and is just 

 one inch wide at the base. 



Professor Nilsson* says, " We may divide arrow-heads into such as 

 have, and such as have not, a tang, or projection, for insertion into the 

 shaft." Sir John Lubbockt quotes Sir W. II. Wilde, who divides the 



*Stone Age in Scandiiiavia, Eng. ed., p. 43. 

 t Prehistoric TinieH, 2d cd., p. 98. 



