292 ETHNOLOGY. 



arrowhead as this must have been shot with tremendous force to render 

 it effective. At best, it would but bruise or crush — it could not penetrate 

 like a pointed arrow-head. 



Figure 85 represents a variation of the immediately i)receding form, 

 is of slate, well cut, and but sparingly met with. The peculiarity con- 

 sists in the manner in which the little point has been chipped. A single 

 specimen of this style would excite no comment. The peculiarity would 

 be considered as resulting from a chance blow of the arrow-maker. 

 This is not the case, however, as we have a number of such specimens, 

 from one locality, each, in size and mineral, the fac-simile of the others. 



Figure 8G is a pretty white quartz specimen, very smoothly chipped, 

 and having very short but still distinct barbs, or projections of the 

 angles of the base and sides. We have gathered numbers of this size, 

 mineral, and peculiarity of base. They seem to have been rubbed after 

 the chipping until the more prominent ridges were partially worn away. 

 Occasionally rose quartz was used, forming gems among arrow-points. 



Figure 87 represents a beautiful pattern of triangular arrow-head, usu- 

 ally of white quartz, met with in but one locality — near Crosswicks, 

 Burlington County, New Jersey. They vary little in size, and are well 

 made, having the edges sharp and the point slender and acute. Like 

 the prccediug example, this specimen has the sides triflingly convex, 

 the curved outline being more pronounced near the point than at the 

 base. It measures seven-eighths of an inch in length and three-fourths 

 of an inch in width at the base, which is slightly concave. Like figures 

 09 and 73, which are both stemmed arrow-points, it would, we suppose, 

 be classed by Mr. Schoolcraft as one intended for the boys ; but, like 

 those represented in the tigures mentioned, it bears evidence of too much 

 work to have been manufactured for so casual a purpose. As far as our 

 experience extends in experimenting in mineral chipping, these small 

 arrow-heads are much more difficult, both to " block out" and to finish, 

 than are those of two inches or more in length, and we doubt not it proved 

 so with the ancient arrow-maker. In numbers, the large arrow-points far 

 exceed the small specimens, while, on the other hand, the great mnjority 

 of the little ones are far more elaborately worked out than are the larger 

 examples. Again, we have found very frequently that these small well- 

 worked specimens were more numerous in graves of adults than were 

 the larger types, a circumstance showing that they were not wholly 

 used by boys. 



Figure 88 represents a handsome form of triangular arrow-head. It has 

 the appearance at first glance of having been barbed ; but the carefully- 

 chipped sides of the base induce the belief that it is in its original con- 

 dition. With a shaft much narrower than the base of the specimen, 

 this would be one of the most effective arrow-points wo hav^e figured. 

 This pattern is usually of jasper, and is not abundant. 



Figruc 89 is a beautiful representative of a class of large triangular 

 arrow-heads with concave base. They are mostly found of black slaty 



