296 ETHNOLOGY. 



This shorter and broader form is more abundantly met with than the 

 longer and more slender specimens. 



Leaf-shaped arrow-points are occasionally much wider than the pre- 

 ceding specimen, and, of course, also longer. Figure 103 represents a 

 large jasper arrow-point of this pattern, which is not, however, as 

 smoothly chipped as either of the preceding nor as regularly oval in its 

 outlines. It may be, however, an unfinished specimen. 



Leaf-shaped arrow-points of this pattern of the softer minerals, as 

 slate, are not common, although the lance-head, of slate, is only an 

 exaggerated arrow-head of this pattern. 



Figure 104 represents a fine pale-yellow jasper form of arrow-point, 

 found scantily in New Jersey, but more abundantly in the Western 

 States. It is noticeable, particularly, that the edges are at an angle 

 with the point, giving it a twist, which gradually disappears as the 

 edges reach the barbs. This peculiarity is even more marked in some 

 specimens that we have seen, but which unfortunately were broken. 

 Messrs. Squier and Davis, in their brief notice of arrow-heads,* say, 

 " Some are so chipped that the line of their edges forms a large angle 

 with their planes, as if to give them a revolving or tearing motion." This 

 twisted condition of the edges in figure 104 is sufficient to produce this 

 motion, as we have tested. Of course, the feathering at the base of the 

 shaft can be so arranged as to help tliis revolving motion, and it prob- 

 ably was so fixed by the Indian. Whether or not this " tearing " mo- 

 tion would make a more fatal wound or not is a question ; for certainly 

 the arrow-point itself would not penetrate as deeply. 



Of the specimens of this pattern found in New Jersey, all have been 

 smaller, but otherwise were as well-marked twisted arrow-points. The 

 specimen figured was picked up in a field in Indiana, and is illustrated 

 in preference to a New Jersey example only because it is in perfect 

 condition. 



Figure 105 represents a peculiar form of arrow-point, the shark-tooth 

 pattern. This specimen is not a chance chipping or the mere whim of 

 the arrow-maker, but is a copy in stone of a recent shark's tooth, such 

 as was not unfrequeutly used by the Indians along the sea-shore. We 

 have also met with fossil shark-teeth in graves, that when buried were 

 probably attached, as arrow-heads, to shafts. Figure 105 is carefully 

 chipped from a flake of black hornstone, is sharply edged, and has an 

 acutely-chipped point. The base is somewhat thicker, but is well chipped 

 also ; one side, or barb, being more slender and pointed than the other. 

 We have seen more than twenty of these arrow-points all agreeing with 

 the one figured in every important feature. 



Figure lOG represents a quadrangular stemmed arrow-x^oint, that is 

 unique, so far as our experience extends. If we take the little projec- 

 tion as a stem, we find the sharp point to be directly opposite, and held 

 or viewed in this position (as figured) the specimen appears as a stemmed 



" Auc. Mon. Miss. Valley, p. 212. 



