STONE AGE IN NEW JERSEY. 301 



ploments they would cut up giraffes and liiiuoceroses, on wliich, even 

 witli excellent knives of European manufacture, Mr. Galton had much 

 diflQculty in making any impresi^ion. Other savage tribes readily cut 

 flesh with pieces of shell or of hard wood. After all, some of these jasper 

 knives are not mean tools ; and, guided by the same skill, we doubt not 

 flesh and hide would yield as readily- to the specimens we have figured 

 as to the " bits of flattened iron" just referred to. 



Figures 111 and 112 represent examples of long, narrow, and finely- 

 edged implements, which we have called knives. Such specimens, which 

 are always broken squarely off at one end, are very aljundant in some lo- 

 calities. We have experimented somewhat with them, and are of theoi^iu- 

 ion that they were used as " fish-knives," being very well adapted to scal- 

 ing fish ; moreover they have been found most abundant on the shores 

 of the larger creeks and on the river-banks. They are usually smooth, 

 or comparatively so, on one side, and roughly chipped and ridged upon 

 the other. Both sides are brought to a cutting edge, and the square end 

 is also chipped to an edge. Those we have found have generally been 

 of slate and minerals of like character. There are a few, however, of 

 jasper, but they do not vary in any important particular from the two 

 examples figured, which are of slate. 



JMr. Evans has figured two specimens of " flint" knives from Scotland, 

 which bfar a marked resemblance to those here given.* The Scottish 

 ones are usually worked upon both faces, and have but a single edge 

 sharpened by grinding. Figures 111 and 112 differ from this descrip- 

 tion, in having two equally well defined edges, "chipped" and not sub- 

 sequent!}' ground. The " bases" of the specimens figured by Mr. Ev- 

 ans seem to be " worked," while ours are broken. As all the specimens 

 of this style of knife have been similarly broken, we are inclined to 

 think it intentional rather than accidental. Again, a careful examination 

 of this broken end shows that it has undergone much weathering, and 

 must have been broken very long ago, if not, indeed, when the knife 

 was manufactured. This form of knife-blade seems to be rare in Great 

 Britain, but with us it is fully as abundant as are the more elaborately 

 chipped jasper specimens, such as figures 10<S, 109, and 110. 



Figure 113 represents a small (;hipi)ed fragment of hornstone, in itself 

 a completed implement, but of exactly what kind, it is difficult to de- 

 termine. It combines the arrow-point, knife, and the " semi-lunar flake" 

 which was used as a knife in Scandinavia. Of this form, also, Mr. Ev- 

 anst has given an illustration very similar to ours in all respects. The 

 English specimen, however, is one-fourth longer. Mr. Evans calls 

 such specimens " trimmed flakes," which describes precisely what the 

 specimens are ; but as their use was " to cut," we see no objection to class- 

 ing them as "knives," especially as the so-called "trimmed flakes" and 

 the " knives " blend so gradually that no line of demarcation can be 

 drawn between them. Although much ruder and smaller, figure 113 



* Anc. Stono Imp. Great Brit., p. 303. 

 t Evans, 1. c, p. 204, fig. 236. 



