320 ETHNOLOGY. 



more boles of small diameter, such as those thin, quadrangular jolates 

 so commonly found in graves, and which were apparently breast-orna- 

 ments. 



" Mr. Wallace has * * * found that * * * plain cylinders of 

 imperfect rock crystal, four to eight inches long, and one inch in diameter, 

 are made and perforated by very low tribes on the Eio Negro." " The 

 perforating of the cylinders crosswise, or even lengthwise, is said to be 

 done thus : A i^ointed flexible leaf-shoot of wild plantain is twirled 

 with the hands against the bard stone till, with the aid of fine sand and 

 water, it bores into and through it, and this is said to take years to do."* 



We shall find that in New Jersey also stone was drilled by wood, with 

 sand and water, but not exclusively, for, on the site of an Indian settle- 

 ment which was not merely the locality of a temporary or periodical 

 sojourn, we find in comparative abundance slender-pointed stone 

 instruments, arrow-points in appearance, but which were probably 

 never used for weapons. We have figured some of these specimens 

 of so-called "arrow-heads" in the American Naturalist,t but reproduce 

 them here with a number of others, under the name of " drilling-stones." 

 That tlie two forms of arrow-points and drilling-stones merge into each 

 other is very certain, it being but another instance of that gradation 

 from one form to another so noticeable in most of the classes of stone 

 implements we have thus far considered. 



Figure 141 is an unbroken specimen of the slender-bodied, square- 

 based, jasper implements, which we suppose to have been designed for 

 drilling. W^e were once confident that such an implement could have 

 had no other significance than as an arrow-point, and wondered why Sir 

 John Lubbock should " express this opinion only under reserve," iu stat- 

 ing the possibility of their being arrow-heads. This specimen, with a 

 number of others, gathered during the summer of 1871, were all charac- 

 terized by a comparatively small base, which did not seem to interfere 

 with their use as arrow-heads. During the summer of the present year 

 we made careful search in a former Indian town, and gathered a very 

 large series, and two constant features of the series convince us of the 

 propriety of calling them drilling-stones. First, the majority have bases 

 entirely too large for arrow-points, and all have bases which would be 

 a defect in the arrow-head, if such they were ; secondly, none have sharp 

 points, while many have been broken square off at the point, showing 

 that when in use the strain was there; and again, in many the points 

 are rounded hy rubbing, and are liiglihj polished. Figure 141 is carefully 

 chipped and has never been used, the edges of the flake-marks being 

 still sharp. The base has been chipped to a sharp edge, showing it was 

 inserted into some kind of handle, and not held between the fingers as 

 was sometimes the case. 



Figure 142 is a much smaller specimen of drilling-stone of the same 



* Early Hist, of Mankind ; Tylor, 2d ed., p. 190. London, 1870. 

 t Vol. vi, pp. 20."j, G-14. 



