STONE AGE IX NEW JERSEY. 323 



one side, and nnusually ridged, uneven, and roughly chipped ni)on the 

 other. This specimen had long- been lying in our drawer of arrow-points, 

 but in experimenting with it on a breast-plate, its crooked point was 

 found to take hold admirably, and by twisting it to and fro we made 

 such progress in drilling slate, and that without much wear upon the 

 specimen, that we at once classed it as a drilling-stone. 



Figures 151 and 152 represent two forms of jasper drilling-stones 

 which are, however, nearly allied. They present a marked difference from 

 the others, in that the bases are not so different in breadth from the 

 stems of the implements. 



Figure 151 is remarkably straight, beautifully chipped, and has, as 

 usual, the edges quite sharp. In fact the base, in its shape, suggests 

 the possibility of its having been used in drilling out the bowls of soap- 

 stone smoking-pipes. The base is bowl-shaped in outline, and readily 

 cuts soapstone. Were the stem a little more slender we should incline 

 to the opinion that it was used to drill the stem of the pipe, and the base 

 the bowl of the pipe. Figure 152 is much smaller, and like an arrow- 

 l^oint. The base is oval in outline, the width decreasing gradnally as it 

 passes into the stem portion of the implement. We doubt not the mode 

 of using figures 151 and 152 was identical, and also that both were used 

 in drilling other stones. 



Figures 153 and 154 are " points ", or the drilling-ends of -oiich speci- 

 mens as we have been describing. They are quite abn»^'-'iiut, wherever 

 the bases with or without "stems" occur, and ov-casionally we have 

 been able to find two fragments that " fit." Th^^e " points" are always 

 rounded or blunt, and the sides, for a shor<- disi^ance only, are smooth, 

 as though they were intended for drillinp-*^"^ "^'?iT fl^iu plates of stone. 

 The thin, polished slate "breast-plat-^''^ ^^"^ ^y f'»i' the most numerous 

 examples of perforated stones t^'^^ occur in New Jersey ,• next come 

 the thicker, flat, quadrangulp- '^^oues, with a single perforation at one 

 end. We think it very pj-'^'^^^^ ^^^^ ®"^^ specimens were drilled exclu- 

 sivelv with the species!'/ ""P^<-''»ents we have been figuring in this chap- 

 ter. These shallo- ^'^'"'"S^ l^ave never that wonderful accuracv char- 

 acteristic of th ^''^""er-stones, and the two depressions, which meet in 

 the middle \*., f,^"""^^' '" *^^ ^^'^'^^st plafes, are not always o]iposite 

 each n^'-''- ^'^^^^ **'^^ ^^^'G j"st such an anuiunt of irregularitv as 

 be expected from a stone drill, held in the hand, and which' had 

 ofooked a point, for instance, as figure 150. Certainlv, in the same 

 stone, there is frequently a difference in the character of the perfori 

 tions, as though the boring of one-half the hole dulled the drill and a 

 new one was used upon the opposite side j and this difference appears 

 to be explained when we look over a series of these pointed arrow-head- 

 like implements which we have considered as the tools wherewith the 

 perforations were made. 



Figure 155 represents a perfect example of a form of implement of 

 which we have collected three specimens. We have classed it as a 



