STONE AGE IN NEW JERSEY. 337 



tlian tlie silhouettes which still adorn niaiiy old walls, so these profile 

 carvings should be older than the useful and so ingeniously carved pipes. 

 Such, however, is not the case; and the differences in the two classes of 

 relics indicate different jieoples as their respective producers — the one 

 an older, it may be, but certainly a more advanced people ; the other at 

 the very outset, as it were, of human culture. 



"We must conclude, therefore, that the two peoples were wholly unlike 

 and independent in origin ; or, originating from a common center, that 

 they proved very unequal in their i)rogress in culture. The latter ap- 

 pears to be the correct view, inasmuch as in all other respects their stone 

 implement productions were identical, both in the variety of form in 

 each particular weapon, and the skill exhibited in the flint-chipping art. 



Wo say " in all other respects," because the art capabilities of a i)eo- 

 ple are an index to their intellectual advancement. No better guide can 

 be had to a i)roper estimate of the relative advancement of a race or 

 tribe. More modern, less advanced, Indians, however, have occasion- 

 ally i^roved themselves capable of the imitative art to a degree com- 

 mensurate with the mound-builders of an earlier date ; and the Chip- 

 pewa pipe, figured by Dr. Wilson,* certainly equals any animal 

 carving the mounds have yielded, or the even more complicated and 

 fantastic illustrations of Babeen pipe sculpture which the same author 

 gives us.f 



It is to be regretted that so few examples of this profile-carving have, 

 as yet, been met with; and, further, that they should all have come from 

 a single limited locality, since this gives rise to the thought that they 

 are all the work of some one ingenious savage. 



One of these specimens, a pebble of unusual shape, and one requiring 

 but little alteration to make it what it is, can scarcely be considered an 

 "animal carving;" but the ingenuity displayed in utilizing nature's 

 freaks to secure a result similar to carving, shows skill akin to that 

 requisite in carving. 



Figure 177 represents the specimen above referred to as the first exam- 

 ple of its kind we have met with. It is a i^late of slaty stone, and has 

 a nearly uniform thickness of half an inch. The margins have been 

 carefully polished, as also have tlie two surfaces of the specimen, which 

 latter, however, are less smooth than formerly, owing to scratching by 

 the sand and gravel among which it was found. There is no attempt 

 whatever at even an outline drawing of an eye or other feature ; the 

 whole attention of the artist having evidently been to correctly outline 

 the stone, in which respect he has been successful. The curvature of 

 the cranial outline and the neck, and the commencement of the back are 

 correct, while the nose, lower jaw, and under outline of the neck are 

 equally so. From the highest point of the arch of the cranium down- 

 ward the specimen is narrowed along the edge, being thinnest at the 

 point of juncture of the neck and back. It is supposed that the animal 



* Prebietoric Man, 2d cd., p, 319, fig. 27. t L. c, p. 320, figs. 28, 29. 



S. Mis. 115 22 



