STONE AGE IN NEW JERSEY. 341 



Chapter XIX. 



PIPES. 



lu Eastern and Western stone weapons. and domestic implements there 

 is apparently but little difference, except in smoking-pipes, where the 

 difference is very great j although the two kinds of pipes, those of 

 baked clay and those of stone, both occur in New Jersey. 



Figure 179 represents the common shape of the stone pipes which are 

 occasioually picked up in Xew Jersey. This nearly perfect specimen, 

 like the majority of pipes of this shape, is made from a fragment of or- 

 dinary soapstone, and bears no trace of ornamentation. It is an elon- 

 gated oval bowl two and a half inches in length, and a little more than 

 one inch in diameter at the mouth and five-eighths of an inch in diam- 

 eter at the base. The front of the bowl is somewhat convex in outline ; 

 the opposite outline is more nearly straight. A little above the middle 

 of the front of the bowl commences a projection a quarter of an inch 

 in width and a little less than an inch in length. The hollow of the 

 bowl extends throughout its whole length, the opening below being in 

 the center of the base. This pipe-bowl was evidently intended to be set 

 on a flat, hollow tube, closed at the outer end, and the mouthpiece* 

 placed at or made of the opposite extremity. The " projection " w^ould 

 be useful in holding the bowl securely to the stem, by affording a hold 

 for the cord that wrapped the tube and crossed the upper end of this 

 projection on the bowl. 



We have said that figure 179 was the common shape of the stone 

 pipes; but the pipes themselves are not common nor abundant, even 

 where relics are plentiful. Of the majority of soapstone pipes that we 

 have met with, the pattern figured is the prevailing one; but of the 

 thousands of relics we have ourselves gathered, or seen in the cabinets 

 of others, there were not probably two dozen specimens of stone or clay 

 pipes. 



Figure 180 represents a somewhat fragmentary specimen of a 

 calumet or pipe of peace, carved from soapstone of even less density 

 tban the material of the preceding example. It bears a general re- 

 semblance to the calumets figured by Laphamf and Squier|; but in 

 no wise approaches the artistic elegance of the mound builders' pipes. 

 This specimen, figure 180, consists of a flat stem, one inch wide at the 

 bowl, where it gradually narrows toward the end, or mouth-piece termi- 

 nation. This stem is of a uniform thickness of seven-sixteenths of an 

 inch. The hole for the passage of the smoke is smooth, and decreases 

 in caliber as ii nears the opening into the cavity of the bowl. The bowl- 



* We bavo seeu two specimeus of abort, drilled atones, tbat may bavo beeu used aa 

 "moutb-pieces," wben a loiijj reed bas bcea used as a "stem." 

 *Antiq. of Wisconsin, pp, 83,84. 

 t Abor. Mod. New York, p. 7G. 



