STONE AGE IN NEW JERSEY/ 343 



the bowl, which was qnadraugular instead of circular — a character quite 

 uncommou iu the i)ipe-bowls of " i^ottery." 



The amount of surface oruameutation in this fragment is unusually 

 gi'eat ; and although composed of straight lines only, ihe human face was 

 evidently intended to be represented in the three short transverse lines ; 

 the two upper ones representing the eyes, and the lower one the mouth. 

 This is the more probable since the lower line is the widest, largest, and 

 really somewhat mouth-like iu shape. Besides these three there are 

 eight lines, four upon each side, extending obliquely upward and out- 

 ward. This fragment measures one inch and one-quarter in width, and 

 one inch and an eighth in dej^th. 



While we have been far from successful in collecting an extensive 

 series of fine pipes, there is no doubt that large and finely-worked si)eci- 

 mens were made by the Indians on the Atlantic sea-board. Such pipes 

 have been discovered elsewhere,* and it is fair to ijresume that what is 

 occasionally met with iu the Eastern States, in the way of " relics," will 

 yet be found somewhere iu New Jersey. Mr. Perkins has described 

 " a very pretty pipe" which " was dug up not far from Burlington, 

 Yt., and is now in the museum of the University at Burlington." 

 It is shaped like a common clay pipe, but the bowl is smaller and thicker, 

 and the stem shorter. It is wrought from a piece of dark-clouded gyp- 

 sum, and is nicely polished. The bowl * * * is encircled by two rows 

 of oblong cavities, about one-fourth of an inch broad, and from three- 

 tenths to one-half of an inch long, and one-eighth of an inch deep, no 

 two being exactlj^ alike. There are seven of these in the lower row and 

 eight in the upper, and they were probably inlaid with some ornamen- 

 tal substance." We have quoted this entire description of the Vermont 

 pipe for the reason that we remember having seen such a pii)e some years 

 ago, which was said to have been found at or near the Delaware Water- 

 G ap. 



The comparative rarity of aboriginal smoking-pipesis easily explained 

 by the fact that they were not discarded, as were weapons, when 

 those by whom they were fashioned entered upon the iron age. The 

 advances of the whites in no way lessened the demand for pipes, nor did 

 the whites substitute a better-made implement; therefore, the pipes 

 were retained, and used until worn out or broken, excepting such as 

 were buried with their deceased owners. What was the ultimate fate 

 of these can only be conjectured. Certain it is that in every instance 

 an Indian grave iu New Jersey does not contain a pipe. If the practice 

 of burying the pipe with its owner was common, we must believe that 

 the graves were opened and robbed of this coveted article by members 

 of the same or some other tribe. A serious objection, however, to this 

 supposition is that the stolen pipes would be recognized ; but while this 

 is possible, we do not think the fear of detection deterred the ancient 

 grave-robber, and, besides, it should be borne iu mind that a pipe could 



* Amur. Nat., vol. v, j). liJ, 



