STONE AGE IN NEW JERSEY. 349 



mixiug seems more probable than any other that can be suggested. 

 Associated with this delicate paiut-cui) was the little club shaped 

 pestle, drawn as resting in the cup. It is a pretty pebble, three inches 

 jn length, slender and oval at one end, and flat, oval, and double 

 the width at the opposite end. This pestle has probably been worn 

 away considerably in its use with the accompanying cup. The width of 

 the club-like end, and that of the slender stem, seem to agree perfectly 

 with the width and depth of the cup's hollow, and the slender portion 

 with the points of contact of the rim of the cup and the handle of the 

 paint crusher. 



Figure 193 represents a very small paint-cup made from a water 

 worn pebble, which has received its present hollow, or cup-shaped 

 depression, wholly by jiecking, after the manner of working the 

 deep grooves of the common stone ax. This paint-cup is circular in 

 shape, being a little flattened on one side only. It is one inch and five- 

 eighths in diameter, and has but a depth of three-eighths of an inch at 

 the center or deepest part of the depression. There are still marks of 

 the stone hammer in this hollow, which, however, feels perfectly smooth 

 to the touch, and has the same color and amount of polish as the exter- 

 ior surfaces of the specimen. This specimen, like the preceding, was 

 found in the grave of a child, with a number of much-decayed bone 

 beads (?), and a highly-polished black stone, having a number of small 

 holes through it. Reference will be made again to this specimen. 



As in the preceding example of paint-cups, so in this instance, a long, 

 slender i^ebble, of considerable polish, and more worn at one end than 

 at the other, was found with the cup. The two certainly seem fitted- 

 for use with each other. 



Similarly with arrow-heads and skinning-knives, which merge grad- 

 ually into spear-heads and ungrooved axes, do these paint-cups or small 

 mortars gradually' increase in size until their use as paint-cups becomes 

 doubtful and they assume the size, &C.., of corn-mills. We have seen a 

 few which were large enough for small corn-mills and yet small enough 

 to suggest that at any time masses of red clay sufficient for a party of 

 warriors might have been ground in one of them. 



Loskiel says :* " They bestow much time and labor in decorating their 

 faces ; laying on fresh paint every day, especially if they go out to dance. 

 They suppose that it is very proper for brave men to paint, and always 

 study a change of fashion. Vermillion is their favorite color, with which 

 they frequently i)aint their whole head. Here and there black streaks 

 are introduced, or they paint one-half of their face and head black and 

 the other red. Near the river Muskingum, (State of Ohio,) a yellow 

 ocher is found, which, when burned, makes a beautiful red color. This the 

 Huron warriors chiefly use for paint, nor do they think a journey of one 

 hundred miles too long to provide themselves with it. Some prefer blue, 

 because it is the color of the sky, when calm and serene, and, being 



• Mission to North American Indians, p. 49, London. 1794. 



