STONE AGE IN NEW JERSEY. 353 



hoe figured iu 19-4. The ciitting-edge of the serpentine implement in 

 almost as curved as the gouge described in chapter xiv. This peculi- 

 arity, however, does not militate against its use as a hoe, although, con- 

 sidering its size, such was probably not its use. The porphyry does not 

 differ materially from the serpentine example. Professor llau,* in the 

 two papers from which we have so freely quoted, iu describing hoes, 

 mentions a large oval, flat, flint implement, found by himself only, iu 

 the West, which he designates as a shovel. We have seen that the 

 Xew Jersey hoes diflered in some resiiects from those the professor has 

 figured and described, but no question could arise as to the identity of 

 their uses. We will now present figures of "flint" implements bearing 

 some resemblance to the "shovels" of Professor Ran, which we believe 

 were used as such, although the circumstances under which one was 

 found would seem to class it with "implements not in a state of comple- 

 tion, but roughly-edged fragments which were destined to be made into 

 arrow and spear heads at some future time." We cannot think this of 

 the examples we have figured, although they certainly do not exhibit at 

 their front edges a high iiolish and striation, the result of use as shovels 

 and as hoes. Shovels of sandstone also occur, in New Jersey, a foot or 

 more in length, and six or seven inches wide. These are carefully 

 chipped, flat upon one side, and have a less regularlj^ oval outline than 

 the jasper examples. We have seen that the jasper lance-heads are re- 

 produced in this common sandstone, iu a less careful manner; and so is 

 it with the shovels of sandstone, as compared with those of jasper. 

 These, like all other forms of relics, also vary iu size, but we have met 

 with none that were too small for practical purposes. 



Figure 195 represents a beautiful specimen of chipped jasper which 

 we have twice referred to elsewhere, once as a lance-headt and once as a 

 hatchet ;f but which, we now fully believe, was not designed as either, 

 but as a shovel. It was, however, never used. It is one of a hundred 

 and fifty which were discovered in iflowing a piece of newly-drained 

 meadow near Trenton, N. J., in 18G0, and is shorter and broader than 

 the others, which might have been hatchets, war-club teeth, or lance- 

 heads, probably some for one purpose and some for another. They were 

 certainly aUJinuhecl specimens, being carefully chipped to sharp edges, 

 many of them having well-defined points and bases. None were as crude 

 as a " rudely-shaped flint article * * * discovered * * * on 

 the bank of the Mississippi, between Saint Louis and Carondelet," and 

 figured by Professor Kau. § Most of these buried jasper specimens, when 

 discovered, had their points up, being surrounded by a suflicient num- 

 ber of the series to wall in and hold in position those that were erect. 

 We stated in the Naturalist that we had not met with any isolated speci- 



»L. c, 1863 and 1868. 



tAbbott on " Lance-hcads," in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia, 18G3, p. 278. 



t Stone Age in New Jersey ; American Naturalist, vol. vi, p. 155. 



$ Smitli. Report for 1868, p. 405, fig. 1. 



S. Mis. 115 23 



