354 ETHNOLOGY. 



mens similar to those in this " deposit;" but since then we have found 

 three in widely different localities, two of which were of the lance-head 

 pattern, if not unquestionable examples of that weapon ; the other was 

 a shovel, similar in all its details to figure 195. This collection, which 

 was of great interest as a whole, was unwisely divided soon after its 

 discovery ; but the bulk of the series formerly in the museum of the 

 Philadelphia Academy, has fortunately been placed for safe-keeping 

 with the American Philosophical Society at Philadelphia, where the 

 specimens are open to examination. 



On comparison with the measurements given by Professor Kau, figure 

 195 will be found to be much smaller than the western specimens, its 

 greatest width being three and three-fourths inches, its total length six 

 inches, while the western specimens measure " above a foot in length, a 

 little more than five inches in its greatest breadth, and is about three- 

 quarters of an inch thick in the middle;" but just as our hoes, though 

 considerably the smaller, are yet unquestionably " hoes," so it is equally 

 probable that such a specimen as figure 195, though much smaller than 

 the western examples, is a shovel. In ividth, there is no important vari- 

 ation in these specimens, but as there is a decided difference in the depth 

 of the soil in the Mississippi Kiver bottom-lands, as compared with that 

 of the corn-grounds of New Jersey, this may account for the difference 

 in their length. 



Figure 196 represents a large " fl.int implement " of " shovel " shape, 

 carefully chipped from yellow jasper, measuring nine inchesand aquarter 

 in length, by five inches and a quarter in greatest width. It is some- 

 what more pointed at one end than at the other, but is too broad and 

 blunt to have been put to any other use, and too finished in appearance 

 to warrant the idea of being unfinished. This very large specimen of 

 jasper chipping was presented to the East India Marine Society at Salem, 

 Mass., by William Story, esq., and was found in New Jersey so long 

 ago as 1824. It is much larger than any specimen we have found or 

 seen in this State, but otherwise is identical with such as figure 195 and 

 the lance-head figured in chapter vi, figure 35. Professor Kau men- 

 tions* with reference to several of the agricultural implements found 

 at East Saint Louis, that " their material is a yellowish-brown variety 

 of the flint" to which he has already referred. In shape they corre- 

 spond with the tools of the same class i)reviously described by him ; 

 most of the shovels, however, instead of having the end opposite the 

 cutting-part worked into a rounded edge, terminate in a more or less 

 acute angle. This answers admirably for a description of this specimen 

 from New Jersey, figure 19G, which is a new shovel, not having been 

 worn and striated, as used shovels of flint always are ; but the base of 

 this specimen would soon become " perfectly smooth, as if glazed, and 

 slightly striated in the direction in which the implement penetrated the 

 ground." 



* L. c, 1868, p. 403. 



