METEOROLOGY. 381 



densation of gases on solid snbstauces, and electric discharge in rarefied 

 gases. (Nature, xxvi, i). 510.) 



Sir Charles AYyville Thomson, born 1830, March 5, at Linlithgow, 

 Scotland, died March 10, 1882, at Edinburgh, specially known to meteor- 

 ologists by his great contributions to our knowledge of ocean tempera- 

 tures, depths, and currents. {Nature, xxv, p. 4G7.) 



Thomas Eoraney Eobinson, D. D., born in Dublin, April 23, 1792, died 

 at Armagh, March 7, 1882. In 1824 Dr. Eobinson was appointed di- 

 rector of the Armagh Observatory, and has long been the oldest liv- 

 ing P^nglish astronomer. In meteorology he is especially known by his 

 invention and theory of the hemispherical cup or Eobinson anemometer. 

 {Nature, XXV, p. 408.) 



Mr. J. L, E. Dreyer, formerly of the Dunsink Observatory, has been 

 appointed to succeed Dr. Eobinson. 



Prof. W. B. Eogers, president of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 

 nology, born in Philadelphia, December, 1805, died suddenly in Boston, 

 May 30, 1882. Although especially active in geology, j^et of late years 

 the whole range of physical sciences were enriched by his remarkably 

 lucid presentations. {Nature, xxvi, p. 182.) 



Prof. Dr. J. C. F. ZoUner, born November 8, 1834, at Berlin, died in 

 1882 at Leipsic. His i)apers on celestial photometry and spectroscopy 

 of the solar prominences have important bearings on meteorology. 

 During recent years he is said to have had almost entirely confined his 

 attention to non-scientific subjects. {Nature, xxvi, p. 88.) 



Dr. P. A. Bergsma, well known by the important and meteorological 

 work that he has for the past fifteen years carried on as director of the 

 Observatory of Batavia, was returning to Holland, where he was to 

 have been settled in an important scientific position when, uHfortu- 

 nately for science, on the way through the Eed Sea he died on May 1, 

 1882. 



Mr. Scott Eussell, the eminent engineer, died on Thursday, June 8, 

 1882, in London, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. Beside his im- 

 portant work in engineering he is especially known to physicists by 

 his researches ujion waves and wave-motions, the resistance of moving 

 water, &c. {Nature, xxvi, p. 159.) 



J. A. Gautier, born in 1792 died December, 1881, at the age of eighty- 

 nine. Gautier v/as the Nestor in the scientific circles of Switzerland, 

 and has been long known as a worker in astronomy and terrestrial 

 magnetism. 



Dr. Isaac I. Hayes, well known by his meteorological observations 

 in the Arctic seas, died December 18, 1881, in New York City. 



Eobert Mallet, born in Dublin June 30, 1810, died November 5, 1881. 

 Besides his numerous valuable improvements in departments of engi- 

 neering, he has made his name famous by his labors in terrestrial physics, 

 especially in whatever related to earthquake phenomena and volcanic 

 energy. 



