ANTHROPOLOGY. 645 



in that tbey could not grasp the difference between the view, which I 

 opposed, that consciousness could be explained on a mechanical basis, 

 and the view which I did not question, but supported with new argu- 

 ments, that consciousness is bound to material antecedents.'" Professor 

 Cope says, '• It will doubtless become possible to exhibit a parallel scale 

 of relations between stimuli on the one hand and the degrees of con- 

 sciousness on the other. Yet for all this it will be impossible to express 

 self-knowledge in terms of force. An unprejudiced scrutiny of the na- 

 ture of consciousiies.s, no matter how limited that scrutiny necessarily 

 is, shows that it is qualitatively comparable with nothing else." {Am. 

 Naturalist, xvi, p. 22-4.) 



V. — ETHNOLOGY. 



Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel, for America, has 

 an appendix upon the native tribes of both continents. The material 

 was elaborated with considerable diligence by Mr. A. H. Keane, but 

 the work is far from complete, and abounds in errors. The Bureau of 

 Ethnology at Washington has had in preparation for several years a 

 card catalogue naming and describing every tribe and band of aborig- 

 ines ever known to have inhabited the Xorth American continent. This 

 is now kept in the office for reference and emendations, but it is designed 

 to be published at no distant day. 



Much valuable information has been added to what was previously 

 known of the range and subdivision of the Innuit by Mr. Ivan Petroflf, 

 special agent of the Tenth Census. Mr. Petroif' s results and map wiU 

 be publishe<l in the volumes of the Tenth Census and bj the Bureau of 

 Ethnology. The author says : " In the course of m}' explorations, extend- 

 ing over a period of several years, of all the coast from Bering Straits 

 to the vicinity of Mount St. Elias, and of the river systems, I found the 

 Innuit occupying the coast and interior wherever nature has thrown 

 no obstacle in the way of free navigation in their kayaks. The tribes 

 having their homes contiguous to the Innuit are the Chugach, of purely 

 Innuit extraction ; the Oreghalentze, of Innuit extraction, but now 

 mixed with Thlinkit; and the Chilkhaat tribe of the Thlinkit family 

 settled on Comptroller Bay and up the left bank of Copper River. The 

 skulls of Innuit have been found as far south as Santa Barbara islands, 

 California, but these belonged to prisoners taken from sea-otter hunt- 

 ing expeditions undertaken by English and American shippers who 

 were furnished with Innuit hunters by the Russian authorities at Sitka. 

 We have every reason to believe that formerly the Innuit occupied the 

 coast as far as Icy Bay, but the constaut pressure of the stronger Thlin- 

 kit tribes has caused them to recede gradually to the locations occupied 

 by them at the present day. The glaciers at Icy Bay have proved an 

 insurmountable obstacle, necessitating a sea voyage of two or three 

 days before landing. The Thlinkit can accomplish this in his large dug- 

 out provided with masts and sails. The Russians kept back the Thlin- 



