ANTHROPOLOGY. C49 



parative technologist. The arrangement of the !N"ational Museum upoD 

 a technological, or anthropological basis is a work of the greatest mag- 

 nitude. Indeed, by this anthropocentric scheme of a new order, all that 

 is known or can be known may be grouped around man. 



In discussing the origin and unfolding of styles in architecture, writers 

 innumerable have confined themselves to the historic period, and have 

 found in the rudest edifices of history the starting poini of subsequent 

 constructions. The Eev. Stephen D. Peet has gone a step backward 

 in this search, and from his familiarity with aboriginal and prehistoric 

 architecture is able to carry the investigation nearer to its source. By 

 atialyzing the prehistoric works of America he hopes to discover what 

 are the essential elements of the higher orders, and so to gain hints as 

 to their origin. He maintains that the pyramid, the pier and lintel, and 

 the arch, as well as the column, have served an important part in arch- 

 itecture. The rudest predecessor of the true arch is to be seen at TJx- 

 mal, in the Algonquin huts, and in the conical bee-hive huts of Scot- 

 laud. {Am. Antiquarian, IV, Ko. 4.) 



A very interesting example of the aid of borrowed art in civilization 

 is given by Mr. GriflSs in his work on Corea. " Between the years 29 

 and 70, A. D., according to Japanese histories, an envoy from Shinra 

 (Corea) arrived in Japan, and after an audience had with the Mikado, 

 presented him with mirrors, swords, jade, and other works of skill and 

 art. In this we have a hint of the origin of Japanese decorative art. 

 It is evident from these gifts as well as from the reports of Chinese his- 

 torians concerning the refined manners, the hereditary aristocracy, and 

 the fortified strongholds of the Shinra people, that their grade of civili- 

 zation was much higher than that of their northern neighbors. It was 

 certainly superior to that of the Japanese, who were soon tempted to 

 make descents upon the fertile lands, rich cities, and defenseless coasts 

 of their visitors from the west." 



Mr. Theodor Baker is the author of a work i)ublished in Leipzig, en- 

 titled ''Ueber die Musik der nordamerikanischen Wilden." After ex- 

 amining forty-two songs and tunes obtained from at least twelve tribes, 

 he finds that Indian melodies can be expressed by our musical scale 

 and notes. Most of the tunes show an orderly movement, and the scales 

 are few in number. The majority of the tunes follow the Lydian scale 

 (c, d, e, f, g, a, b, c) and the Hypophrygian (g, a, b, c',d', e', f, g'); 

 but in very few of them will be found all the seven notes of the diatonic 

 scale. Every melody has the quint, or fifth, with its key-note ; one-half 

 of them have the major third, or diatone, while the flat or minor third 

 CM3Curs in a few only ; the fourth and the sixth frequently occur, but the 

 seventh note is infrequent. (Gatschet, in Am. Naturalist, xvir, p. 226.) 



VIII. — SOCIOLOGY. 



The catalogue of the Surgeon-General's library at "Washington is a 

 classified index of all volumes, pamphlets, and discussions npon any 



