PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 717 



Prairie hen {cupidonia cupido), Linn). — Sculptured pipe from Ohio 

 mouud.^ 



Also, pipe from Davenport mound, Iowa.'* 



Quail {Ortyx virginianus). — Sculptured mound pipe from Ohio.^ 



Toucan. — Sculptured pipes from Ohio mounds/ 



Parroquet. — Sculptured pipe from Ohio mound.^ 



Cedar bird, {Ampelis cedrorum). — Sculptured pipes from Ohio mound.^ 



Swallow. — Sculptured pipes from Ohio moundJ 



Night heron. — Sculptured pipe from Ohio mound.^ 



Wood ducJc (Aix sponsa). — Head sculptured upon Ohio mound pipe.^ 



Prof. C. W. Butler, comparative anatomist, Champaign, 111., very- 

 kindly identified for me the bones found in the Naples mounds. 



From the foregoing list it may easily be surmised that all the ani- 

 mals found in the Valley of the Mississippi upon the advent of the 

 white race were familiar to the builders of mounds, also possibly some 

 whose habitat was far distant, such as the mastodon and walrus of the 

 north or the manatee, the toucan and tropical shells of the south. 



From the " finds" in the Naples mounds we can i^lainly see that con- 

 siderable commerce was carried on by their builders, as we here find a 

 shell from the coast of Florida, obsidian from Mexico, lead ore from 

 Wisconsin, cojjper from Lake Superior, and mica from the Alleghanies. 

 It was once contended that the great age of the mounds was shown by 

 the fact that they had never been found upon the latest or lowest river 

 terraces. This statement has been disproved, however, as in more than 

 one instance in the west they have been found upon the lowest terrace. 

 The largest mound explored at Naples is in the low-lands upon the very 

 brink of the river. Man naturally selects elevated positions for burial 

 sites. Mounds of observation would be built upon the highest points, 

 while other mounds, whether for houses, temples, or for whatever pur- 

 pose they might be built, would as a rule be placed beyond the reach 

 of overflows. These suggestions sufficiently account for the usual ab- 

 sence of these ancient works upon the low-lands along the rivers. 



This locality is also rich in finely-worked stone implements. None, 

 however, have come from the mounds, but some of the finest articles 

 of chert were found a few feet below the surface at the foot of the 

 bluff upon which the eagle-pipe mound is situated. Below this about 



i Flint Chips, p. 425; Fig. 5L 



^Proceedings, Bavenjwrt Academy of Science, vol. 1, Plate IV, No. 14. 



^ Flint chips, p. 425, Fig. 50. ■% 



* Squier and Davis, Ancient Monuments, pp. 260, 266, Figs. 169, 178 ; Flint Chips, p. 

 426, Figs 53, 56. 



6 Squier and Davis, Ancient Monuments, p. 265, and Fig. 172. 



6 Squier and Davis, Ancient Monuments, p. 265, and Figs, 173, 174 ; Flint Chips, p. 424, 

 Fig. 48. 



"> Squier and Davis, Ancient Monuments, p. 260, and Fig. 167 ; Flint chips, p. 424, Fig. 

 47. 



8 Squier and Davis, Ancient Monuments, p. 259, Fig. 164 ; Flint Chips, p. 425, Fig. 52. 



9 Squier and Davis, Ancient Monuments, p. 260 and Fig. 168. 



