PAPERS EELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 749 



Ko. 70 is in Sec. 33, T. 10 >J., R. 2 W., in the northwest corner of the 

 southwest quarter section. 



Ko. 71 is in Sec. 10, T. 12 X., K. 13 E,, near the southwest corner of 

 the northeast quarter section. 



No. 72 is in Sec. 36, T. 13 X., K. 13 E., very near center of the sec- 

 tion. 



No. 73 is in Sec. 8, T. 11 N., E. 2 W,, southeast corner of the north- 

 east quarter section. 



No. 74 is in Sec. 11, T. 11 N., E. 2 W., in the northeast corner of the 

 southwest quarter section. 



No. 75 is in Sec. 7, T, 14 N., E. 14 E., in the southwest corner of the 

 southwest quarter section. 



No. 8G is in Sec. 34, T. 13 N., E. 13 E., midway between the east and 

 west quarter-section lines, and near the north line of the northeast 

 quarter section. 



OPEN-AIR WORKSHOPS. 



These shops are discovered in the valleys under th-e uplands by evi. 

 deuces as positive as those of the mounds and earthworks, and perhaps 

 more so than those of the mounds, from the fact that a great many per- 

 sons are misled in regard to these elevations, ever ready to call any sym- 

 metrical hillock a mound. Only a section will disclose the truth as to their 

 natural or artificial formation. Not so in regard to these ancient work- 

 shops. If by chance one should, while passing over a field or piece of 

 ground, come upon a vast amount of broken cobble-stones or chert, un- 

 able to find hardly one intact, he naturally would conclude that here 

 some kind of industry had been carried on. A true knowledge of that 

 branch of industry would be found out by any inquiring mind. If 

 among these spalls or fragments we find an ax, celt, or pestle, and upon 

 due inquiry of the owner or tenants ascertain that he at different 

 times had gathered several of these different implements there we could 

 surely say, this is a workshop where were manufactured only this pecu- 

 liar class of implements. Wherever these fragments are found there is 

 no difficulty in classifying the style of implement which were manufac- 

 tured, whether they be the ax, celt, pestle, hammer, arrow, or ornament; 

 the superabundance of each article tells the story. Sometimes we find 

 a variety of implements, such as the ax, celt, arrow-points, &c. In such 

 instances there will be found a conglomeration of fragments. But such is 

 seldom the case, and only one shop of this character is known along 

 this valley ; this is No. 59, in Sec. 17, T. 11 N., E. 2 W. Here are 

 found the warlike and domestic implements in conjunction with orna- 

 ments, all of which have been found in goodly numbers in their finished 

 and unfinished state ; some chipped into form, others chipped and partly 

 pecked ; others again showing three stages of advancement, chipped, 

 partly pecked, and partly ground or polished. Such is not only the case 

 with the ornamental finds, but also the axes and celts show the same 



