PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 767 



Muskingum Counties, Ohio, and then worked into such forms' as the 

 "arrow-maker" had designed. The cannel-coal was brought from a 

 distance,, and then shaped into such forms as was desired. Two good- 

 sized pieces of cannel-coal were exhibited, which had been plowed up. 



(6.) That this people either bartered or undertook long excursions is 

 shown by the chert and cannel-coal implements, and the ornaments 

 made from the columella of the PyruJa, which shell-fish lived in the 

 Gulf of Mexico. 



(7.) The numerous skeletons turned up by the plow probably belong 

 to a later age. It is hardly susceptible of proof that the people who 

 deposited the shells would bury their dead in shallow graves before 

 their huts. That intrusive burials occurred on the island as late as the 

 time of the white man is proven by the evidence of a lead pipe found 

 among the shells. The stem of this pipe is 3 inches long, and the 

 bowl 1^ inches in height. It shows the traces of the molds. 



On the Ohio side of the river, and immediately opposite Blennerhas- 

 sett's Island, and on the second river terrace (plain of Belpre), are numer- 

 ous evidences of the mound-builders, consisting chiefly of mounds. On© 

 of these mounds is a miniature representation of the truncated mound 

 in the cemetery at Marietta. Like the above, it is surrounded by a 

 wall, with the ditch on the interior, the elevated pathway leading from 

 the mound to the gateway. In front of the gateway (parallel still kept 

 up) is a straight embankment several feet in length. The only differ- 

 ence in the design of the two mounds is that the gateway in the Belpre 

 mound faces the north. 



About one year ago a mound near the above was removed. It meas- 

 ured 14 feet in height. In it were found several human skeletons and 

 numerous tubes and pipes. It is composed of some kind of mottled stone 

 resembling steatite. One of the steatite tubes measures 11 inches in 

 length, antl it is 1 inch in diameter across the mouth. The bore is per- 

 fectly smooth and even until it reaches within one-eighth of an inch of 

 the opposite end, where it suddenly contracts and the remaining part 

 of the aperture becomes quite small. This ^nd of the tube (some call it 

 a pipe) is surrounded by a flange 1^ inches in diameter. The tube is 

 finely wrought, and exhibits much skill on the part of the workman. 



l^ear the top of this tumulus was found a human skull, which is now 



in the Smithsonian Institution. In form it is similar to the one obtained 



on the island. The wormian bones in the right lambdoidal suture and 



at the junction between the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures are the 



largest the author has observed. These bones do not occur in the skull 



from the island. The following are the measurements : 



Inches. 



Longitudinal diameter — 6J 



Parietal diameter - . 5^ 



Vertical diameter 5^ 



Inter-mastoid arch 13^ 



Horizontal circumference 19^ 



