328 CORONADO'S MARCH. 



ticale as laid down on Squier's map would not pass tlirougli or near 

 Zuiii, (ideutical on his map with Cibola,) as it ought to do, but more 

 than a degree to the east of it; thus showing his position of Chichilticale 

 manifestly erroneous. 



Again, on the map of E. EC. Kern, accompanying " Schoolcraft's History 

 of the Indian Tribes of North America," he places Chichilticale as much 

 as a degree of latitude south of the Gila and in longitude lO'Jo. Here 

 again a liue in a northeast direction from Chichilticale would not pass, 

 as it should, through or near ZuQi, (identical, as Kern thinks, with Ci- 

 bola,) but more than two degrees to the eastward of it ; which also shows 

 his position of Chichilticale very considerably out of the way. 



The next and most important inquiry is the exact locality of the seven 

 cities of Cibola. Gallatin, Squier, Whipple, Professor' Turner, and 

 Kern, have contended for ZuQi and its vicinity. Emory and Abert, on 

 the contrary, have conjectured that CiboUetta, Moquino, Pojuati, Covero, 

 Acoma, Laguna, and Poblacon, a group of villages some ninety miles to 

 the eastward of Zuui, furnish the site of the seven cities ; and Mr. Mor- 

 gan, as I have before remarked, in the North American Eeview for 

 April, 18G9, has advanced the idea that the ruins on the Chaco, lying 

 about one hundred miles to the northeast of Zuiii, more com])letely 

 satisfy all the conditions of the problem Avhich the accounts of Coron- 

 ado's journey, by CastaQeda and others, have imposed on its solution. 

 To my mind, however, Zuni and vicinity present the strongest claims 

 to being considered the site of the renowned cities, and the following 

 are my reasons therefor : 



It seems that from Chichilticale to Cibola, the direction of Corouado's 

 route, according to Jaramillo, as before remarked, was generally north- 

 east ; and from Corouado's report I. extract in relation to it as follows. 

 He is sp,eaking of what occurred after leaving Chichilticale : 



"I entered the confines of the desert, on Saint John's day eve, and to 

 refresh our former travels we found no grass, but worser way of moun- 

 tains and bad passages where we had passed already ; and the horses 

 being tired were greatly molested therewith ; but after Ave had passed 

 these thirty leagues, we found fresh rivers and grasses like that of Cas- 

 tile, &c.; and there was flax, but chiefly near the banks of a certain 

 river, which, therefore, was called El Kio del Lino, that is to say, the 

 Eiver of Flax ; we found no Indians at all for a day's travel, but after- 

 ward four Indians came out unto us in peaceable manner, saying that 

 they were sent over to that desert place to signify unto us that we were 

 welcome." * 



In addition to the foregoing, CastaQeda says that in about fifteen days 

 from Chichilticale " they arrived within eight leagues of Cibola, upon 

 the banks of a river they called the Vermejo, on account of its red 

 color ;"t and Jaramillo remarks that in approaching Cibola " always in 

 the same direction, that is to say, toward the northeast, they came to a 

 river which they called the Vermejo ; that here they met one or two In- 

 dians, who afterwards they recognized as belonging to the first village 

 of Cibola ; and that they reached this village in two days from when 

 they had first met them.''| 



Now let any one consult the accompanying map, reduced from the 

 latest map issued by the Engineer Bureau at Washington, ahd he will 



* Hakluyt's Voyages, vol. iii, p. 449. 

 tCastaucda's Relations, Teruaux C'ompans, p. 41. 

 t Jaramillo's Relations, Teruanx Compans, p. 369. 



