332 coRON ado's march. 



only meant to express that tliey conjectured tlie places to liave been 

 identical. 



It seems to me that ^vhat I have advanced shows most conclusively 

 that Cibola and Zuni are identical localities, and nothing could be said 

 whicli could make it more certain; but as corroborative I wili state that I 

 have seen in the excellent library of the Peabody Institute of Baltimore 

 an atlas entitled " The American Atlas, or a Geographical Description 

 of the whole Continent of America, by Mr. Thomas Jeffreys, Geogra- 

 pher, published in London in 1773." On map No. 5 of this atlas, Zuhi 

 and Cibola are laid down as synonymous names, and the locality they 

 express is precisely that of Zuni of the present day.* Again, on a 

 " Carte contenant le Eoyaume du Mexique etLa Floride," in the " Atlas 

 Historique par Mr. C * * * avec des dissertations sur I'Histoire de 

 chaque etat par Mr. Guendeville," tome vi, second edition, published 

 in Amsterdam, 1732, I find Ziiiii and Cibola laid down as synonymous. 



In this connection it may be proper to observe that the claims of Ci- 

 boletta, Moquino, Poquate, Covero, Acomo, Laguna, Poblacon, as con- 

 jectured by Emory and Abert to be regarded as the seven cities of 

 Cibola, are rendered null hy the historical fact mentioned by Castaiieda, 

 and also hy Jaramillo, that the latter were situated on the Ilio Vermejo, 

 (Little Colorado,) a tributary of the Southern Ocean ;t and also by the 

 circumstance of the army, on its march from Cibola to Tiguex, finding 

 Acuco (Acoma) five days' journey to the eastward of Cibola, a circum- 

 stance which could not have taken place if Acuco (Acoma) were one of 

 the seven towns of Cibola. Besides, Castaiieda, in ^numerating the 

 villages dispersed in the country, expressly states that " Cibola is the 

 first province ; it contains seven villages ; Tusay an, seven; the rock of 

 Acuco, one, &c.,f which certainly shows that Cibola and Acuco were 

 separate and district provinces. 



Again, I cannot see that the ruins of the Chaco, which, according to 

 my explorations and reading are probabl}^ on account of their extent 

 and character, the most remarkable yet discovered in this country, have 

 any just claims, as advanced by Mr. Morgan, to be regarded as the seven 

 cities of Cibola ;§ first, for the reason that they are not, as required by 

 historical fact, situated on the Eio Vermejo, (Little Colorado,) or tribu- 

 tary of the Eio del Lino or Flax Eiver; second, they are not so situated 

 with regard to the desert passed over by Coronado, between Chichilticale 

 and Cibola, as to make the statement of Castaiieda pertinent, to wit, 



* On tliis atlas is iudorsed, " Presented, to the Peabody Institute by the Hon. John P. 

 Kennedy, April 1, 1864. By this map the great dispute between Daniel Webster and 

 Lord Ashburtou (relating doubtless to the northeastern boundary) was settled, iiarticu- 

 larly by maj) No. 5." 



t " All the streams we met, whether rivulet or river, as far as that of Cibola, and I 

 believe even one or two days' journey beyond that place, flow in the direction of the 

 South Sea, (Mer du Sud,) 'meaning the Pacific Ocean ;" further on they flow to the 

 North Sea, (Mer du Nord,) meaning the Gulf of Mexico. Jaramillo's Relations, Ternanx 

 Compans, p. 370. 



t Castaneda's Relations, Ternanx Compans, pp. 181, 182. 



§ Mr. Morgan, in his essay before referred to, having already made large extracts 

 from my report to the Government on these ruins, I deem it unnecessary to say any- 

 thing further in relation to them than to refer the reader for a more detailed account 

 to said report. It is interesting, however, in this coimection, to present the following 

 extract from Humboldt's Essai sur le Royanme de la Nouvelle Esjiague, page 30.3, which 

 in all probability refers to these very ruins : "The Indian traditions inform us that 

 some twenty leagues to the north of Moqui, near the embouchure of the river Zejuannes, 

 a river of the Navajos, was the first resting place (demeure) of the Aztecs after their 

 Bortie from Atzlan." Again, on his map accompanying his Essay, is the following: 

 " Premiere demeure des Azteques sortds d' Atzlan en 1160, tradition in certaine," in lon- 

 gitude about II203O", latitude 37°. 



