334 coEON ado's march. 



appears to me probable that the Tiguex country lay, not on the main 

 llio Norte, but on its tributary, the Ilio Puerco and its branches, and 

 that the river which the Spaniards called Cicuye, and on which they 

 were obliged to build a bridge, was the main Rio del Norte."* 



Mr. W. H.Davis, author of "El Gringo; or New Mexico and her 

 People," published in 1853, tahes the same view. 



Mr. Squier believes the Rio de Tignex to have been the Rio Grande, 

 aiul the Rio de Oicuye the Pecos, but locates Tiguex outhe Rio Grande, 

 above the mouth of the Puerco. Messrs. Kern and Morgan take the same 

 view. 



According to my investigations I believe the Rio Tiguex to have been 

 the Rio Grande, and the Rio de Cicuye the Rio Pecos; but while lam 

 willing to admit there are some grounds for the hypothesis that Tiguex 

 was located on the Rio Grande above the mouth of the Pnerco, yet I 

 think tliere are still stronger grounds for the belief that it was situated 

 on the Rio Grande belotc that river. 



Castaneda says, " Three days' journey from Acuco (Acoma) Alvarado 

 and his army arrived in a province which was called Tiguex."t 



Again, " The xiroviuce of Tiguex contains twelve villages, situated on 

 the banks of a great river in a valley about two leagues broad. It is 

 bounded on the west by some mountains, which are very high and cov- 

 ered with snOw. Four villages are built at the foot of these mountains 

 and three others upon the heights."| 



Now, as Coronado and his army marched eastward § from Acuco, 

 ^ Acoma,) and they accomplished the distance in a three days' journey 

 and then came to a large river, on the banks of which was situated the 

 l>rovince of Tiguex, it is clear that as the Rio Grande is the first large 

 river to be met eastward from Acuco (Acoma) at a distance varying 

 from sixty to eiglity miles, depending on the route taken, this was the 

 great river referred to, or the Rio de Tiguex. 



The idea of Mr. Gallatin and Mr. Davis that the Puerco was this river 

 is, I think, entirely untenable, for the reason that this river in its best 

 stage is only about one hundred and twenty miles long, and frequentl}^, 

 as I myself have observed, so dry that its existence could only be in- 

 ferred from its dry bed and the occasional pools of water to be met 

 along its track. It certainly, then, could not with any propriety be 

 called a great river, as the Rio de Tiguex was represented to be. 



In addition, we learn that the guides who conducted the army back 

 to Cicuye, on its return from its search after Quivira, declared that the 

 Rio de Cicuye threw itself into the Rio de Tiguex more than twenty 

 days' journey (or over four hundred miles) below where they struck it;"|| 

 which would have been an absurdity if the Tiguex were the trifling Rio 

 Puerco, and the Cicuye the Rio Grande, as Mr. Gallatin supposed ; but 

 which is all very plain on the hypothesis that the Tiguex was the Rio 

 Grande, and the Cicuye the Pecos. 



But where was the exact location of the i)rovince of Tiguex? 



It was certainly beloicHemez and Quirix, (San Felipe,'^]) for the chron- 



* Trausactious American Ethnological Society, vol. 2, p. 73. 



t Castaueda's RelatioDS, Teraaux Compans, p. 71. 



t Custancda's Eelatious, Ternaux Compans, pp. 1G7, IGS. 



§ Ibid, 11. 67. 



II Castaueda's Relations. Ternaux Compans, p. 135. 



il On the old maps, as also on Hnmboldt's, illustrating his " Nouvello Hispagne," I 

 notice tbe pueblo of Sau Felipe is laid down as " S. Felipe de Cucrez" which I am in- 

 formed is its name at this day. Indeed, Gregg, speaking of certain pueblos in New 

 Mexico, says, " those of Cochiti, Santo Domingo, San Felipe, and perhaps Sandia, sf^eak 

 the same tongue, though they seem formerly to have been distinguished as Queiis " 

 (Commerce of the PrairieS; 2d edition, vol. i, p. 269.) 



