THE LOWER EACES OF MAN. 345 



As a general rule, we may say that races inhabiting hot climates 

 ornament themselves ; those of colder countries, their clothes. In fact, 

 all savage races who have much of their skin uncovered, delight in 

 painting themselves in the most brilliant colors. 



Although perfectly naked, the Australians of Botany Bay were,, as 

 Captain Cook quaintly puts it, " very ambitious to be fine." Through 

 the nose they wore a bone, as thick as a man's finger, and five or six 

 inches long. This was of course very awkward, as it prevented them 

 from breathing through the nose ; but they submitted clieerfully to the 

 inconvenience for the sake of the appearance. 



They had also necklaces made of shells neatly cut and strung together, 

 ea.rrliigs, bracelets of small cord, and strings of phiited human hair, 

 which they wound round their waists. Some also had gorgets of large 

 shells hung round their neck ; and on all these ornaments they placed 

 a high vakie. 



They also painted themselves, red and white being the principal colors. 

 The red was laid on in broad patches ; the white generally in stripes, 

 or on the face in spots, ofteu with a circle round each eye. 



Spix and Martins thus describe the ornaments of a Coroado woman, 

 whom they saw in Brazil : " On the cheek she had a circle, and over 

 that two strokes ; nnder the nose several marks resembling an m ; from 

 the corners of the mouth to the middle of the cheek were two parallel 

 lines, and below them on both sides many straight stripes ; below and 

 between her breasts there were some segments of circles, and down her 

 arms the figure of a snake was depicted." She also wore a necklace of 

 monkey's teeth. 



Indeed, savages wear necklaces and rings, bracelets, and anklets, 

 armlets and leglets; even, if I may say so, bodylets. Eound their 

 bodies, round their necks, round their arms and legs, their fingers, and 

 even their toes, they wear ornaments of all kinds. Lichtenstein saw 

 the wife of a Beetuan chief, in South Africa, wearing no less than 

 seventy-two brass rings. 



Nor are they particular as to the material — copper, brass or iron, 

 leather or ivory, stones, shells, glass, bits of wood, seeds or teeth — 

 nothing comes amiss. In the Louisiade Archipelago, McGillivray saw 

 several bracelets made, each of a human lower jaw, crossed by a collar 

 bone; and other travelers have seen brass curtain rings, brass keyhole 

 plates, lids of sardine cases, and other such incongruous objects, worn 

 with much gravity and pride. 



Many races are very careful about their hair. The Feejee Islanders 

 train it into elaborate wigs, v;hich take some j^ears to arrive at perfec- 

 tion, so that they cannot sleep as we do, but are comi^elled to use neck- 

 rests. The islanders north of Australia, though among the lowest of 

 savages, are in the habit of dyeing their hair red. 



Not content with hanging things on their bodies wherever nature has 

 enabled them to do so, savages often cut holes in themselves for the 

 purpose. 



The Esquimaux, from Mackenzie Eiver westward, make two openings 

 in their cheeks, one on each side, in which they wear stone ornaments 

 shaped like a large shirt- stud, and which may be called cheek-studs. 



Throughout a great portion of Western America, and in parts of 

 Africa, it is the custom to wear a large piece of wood in the lower 

 lip. A small hole is made in the lip during infancy, and it is then 

 enlarged by degrees, the size of the lower lip being the principal criterion 

 of beauty. 



Other races, in the same manner, enlarge the lobe of the ear, until it 



