GENERAL VIEWS ON ARCHAEOLOGY. 



315 



age of bronze, for certain specimens, both from Italy and from Switzer- 

 land and the North, have something like winglets or very narrow 

 flanges, which run along nearly the whole length of the haft; and the 

 purpose of which has clearly been to render the latter more adaptable 

 to the hand without any handle. We may also remark that the cut- 

 ting edge presents a greater convexity, and it sometimes actually 

 becomes a semicircle, which assimilates these specimens to the crescent- 

 shaped knives of the saddler. The edges of the bronze hatchets, so 

 called, are generally much less convex and straighter. 



Fig. 13. (i) 



Bronze hatchet-knife. 



Switzerland. 



Fig. 14. (i) Fig. 15. 



(paalstab.) (celt.) 



Bronze hatchets for handles. 



(I) 



Nevertheless, in consequence of their weight and of the direction of 

 their cutting edge, the Greenland shaped knives of stone and bronze 

 cauld be used perfectly well for cutting, either like a knife, a chisel, or 

 a hatchet. They constitute, therefore, an instrument which one might 

 call a hatchet-knife, that must have been very effective, and which we 

 do not have nowadays in use. 



The Subject of Domestic Animals is of equal importance with that 

 of the human races, and is scarcely less interesting. It is extremely 

 remarkable that we are able to establish progressive physical improve- 

 ment in animals that have been subjected to the influence of man. 

 The dog affords us the most striking example of this. _ 



In Denmark they have thought they could recognize three distinct 

 types of races of dogs, corresponding to each of the three archaeological 

 ages. Now the canine race of stone is the weakest and the most puny 

 of limb ; the race of bronze is plainly stronger, but it is the race of iron 

 that surpasses both the others. 1 The difference of the three races is, 

 moreover, marked by the proportions of the apophyse coronoide. _ This 

 bone is shorter in the dog of the stone age ; it is sensibly longer in the 

 dog of the bronze age, and still longer in the dog of the iron age. 



*It is worthy of remark, that Indian dogs were renowned among the ancient Greeks. 



