GENERAL VIEWS ON ARCHEOLOGY. 319 



The Danish savans are, however, disposed to admit a slight up- 

 heaving of the land, because at certain points, as, for instance, at 

 Bilidt. near Frederikssund, the stratified Kjoekhenmoedding are now 

 above the reach of the waves. But at Bilidt these layers are very near 

 the present shore, and it might be that the sand-banks of the Isefjord 

 had reduced the intensity of the motion of the sea. As to what con- 

 cerns points outside of the Isefjord, it is necessary to consider what 

 follows. At present the tide produces a difference of level of merely 

 one and a half feet in the Kattegat. 1 On the shores of the northwest 

 of Jutland this difference amounts to two feet, and on the western 

 shore of Schleswig and Holstein it reaches nine feet. But the action 

 of winds and storms is much more powerful than that of the tide. 

 Thus the westerly winds, by driving back the waters of the North 

 Sea into the Kattegat, produce differences of level that amount in the 

 Sound to four feet. On the island of Foehr (western coast of Schles- 

 wig,) the same causes produce sometimes a depression of the water of 

 four feet below their ordinary level, whilst at the same point there 

 was in 1825 a rise of the sea (sturmfluth) of twenty-five feet above the 

 mean level, a total of twenty-nine feet difference of level at this point, 

 owing to the action of the winds. Now, the northern extremity of 

 Jutland is like a dyke, a spur, protecting, partially at least, the Katte- 

 gat against the violence of the waters of the North sea. But anciently 

 Jutland was an archipelago, affording an easy passage to the sea and 

 establishing a communication, now intercepted at these points, be- 

 tween the North sea and the Kattegat. It is quite possible, therefore, 

 that there may have been formerly a greater unity of action between 

 the movements of these seas, with their dependent domains. 



Sweden. — It has been thought that at Malmoe, opposite Copen- 

 hagen, there had been a depression of the soil, because street pave- 

 ments were found there one over another. But this repetition of pave- 

 ments is easily explained by the vicissitudes of war. When, after a 

 siege or a partial devastation, a city was rebuilt, they did not take the 

 trouble to remove the rubbish ; the ground was leveled and buildings 

 were erected on the ruins of previous constructions. Thence a verita- 

 ble superposition of layers in regular chronological order, as in the 

 strata of which the crust of the globe is composed. 



Mention has also been made of peat-bogs containing antiquities of 

 the age of stone and covered over with embankments of marine forma- 

 tion, (Jceravall,) in the south of Sweden. But it appears that the 

 fact requires confirmation, just as that of the cottage buried under 

 sixty feet of marine deposit, which was said to have been discovered 

 when digging the canal of Soclertelje, near Stockholm. 



Geological Antiquity of Man. — It has already often been supposed 

 that proofs of this had been found in other countries, but they have 

 always been unreliable. Thus the discovery made by Lund, in the 

 caverns of Brazil, of human skulls having incisive teeth with edges 

 parallel to instead of transverse to the axis of the mouth, which skulls 



1 Baggesen. Already quoted. 



