GENERAL VIEWS ON ARCHAEOLOGY. 323 



province of Eoumelia, Turkey in Europe) could not be entirely con- 

 quered, (by Megabyzes, towards 520 before Christ.) Their houses are 

 thus constructed: On very high stakes, driven into the lake are placed 

 planks joined together; making a platform to which a very narrow 

 bridge is the only causeway. * * * * Q n one f these 

 platforms a hut is erected with a trap door well fitted which leads 

 down into the lake." (Herod. V., 16.) 



Remains of ancient lacustrine habitations have been discovered in 

 the Lake of Annecy, in Savpy. In Ireland the name of crannoges 

 is given to constructions that assume the form of more or less arti- 

 ficial islands, that served as places of ~ refuge in times of political 

 troubles until the seventeenth century. 1 Similar ancient artificial 

 islands have also been observed in Switzerland. There is one in the 

 center of the very small Lake of Inkwyl, between Herzogenbuchsee 

 and Soleure. 2 There is likewise one in the center of the small 

 .Lake of Nussbaumcn, a lea"gue to the south of Stein, in Thurgovia. 

 Remains of lacustrine habitations must have been found in Brande- 

 bourg and in the peat-bogs of Hanover, and even their existence in 

 Canada is spoken of. They seem to be indicated in Denmark by the 

 abundance of antiquities in the bog-formations, many of which have 

 commenced by being shallow lakes. In a peat-bog (especially at Vau- 

 gede, Brogaard, three leagues from Copenhagen) Mr. Steenstrup ob- 

 served not only various antique instruments, but also fragments of 

 pottery, coals, and broken bones bearing the marks of knives. He 

 had thence come to the conclusion that man must have lived there in 

 a stationary condition. As the locality was originally a lake of no great 

 depth, it is all but evident that there was formerly a lacustrine habi- 

 tation there. 



Lastly, Messrs. Herbst and Steenstrup have just been making obser- 

 vations tending to the presumption that there were during the age 

 of stone, habitations on piles in the marine bay of Noer, near Kor- 

 soer, in Seeland. This need not astonish us, as Dumont d'Urville 

 describes and delineates villages built on piles in the sea at the harbor 

 of Dorei, in New Guinea. 3 



When man stationed himself thus on piles, all the refuse of his 

 industry and the fragments of his food were naturally thrown into the 

 lake, where they were particularly well preserved, especially when 

 they became gradually buried up in the peat and mud. These locali- 

 ties represent therefore for Switzerland the Kjoekkenmoedding of the 

 north, and, in certain respects, surpass them, since the preservation 

 of the substances is more thorough, and because they frequently con- 

 tained, not only simple refuse, but likewise a number of excellent 

 specimens. When such an establishment was surprised and burnt 

 by the enemy, a thing that must have happened occasionally, what a 

 quantity and variety of objects must there not have been swallowed 

 up by the waters for the benefit of archeology ! 



1 Wilde. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. April, 1S3G; p. 220. 



2 Thc lake and its island arc quite visible from the railway which passes near by. 



3 Dumont d'Urville. History IV., p. 607. 



