326 GENERAL VIEWS ON ARCHAEOLOGY. 



The lance heads of silex, so common in the North, are not found at 

 Moosseedorf and at Waugen. On the other hand we find there 

 arrow heads of flint, and sometimes even of rock crystal, only they 

 are in general less delicately fashioned than in the North, where the 

 art of working the silex was pushed to the highest degree of perfec- 

 tion, doubtless because the raw material was found there in all its 

 beauty. 



At Moosseedorf little stone wedges, fitted longitudinally into deer- 

 horn handles, pointed at the other end, constitute excellent knives, 

 with transverse edges, after the Greenland pattern. Stronger wedges 

 inserted in one end of a large deer antler, the other end of which had 

 been cut into a mortice, to receive in its turn a transverse wooden 

 handle, represented hatchets properly so called. At Waugen these 

 wedges have also been found, fitted simply into handles, made of 

 pieces of roots or crooked branches. A similar specimen, in perfect 

 preservation, was found latterly near Halle, in Prussia, and can be 

 seen in the museum of that town. 1 



Fig. 16. (A) Fig. 17 (!) 



Hatchet with a handle. Switzerland. Split stone with a handle. Switzerland. 



Splinters of silex from Waugen and from Moosseedorf, fitted late- 

 rally into wooden handles, in the cleft of which they were fixed by means 

 of pitch still in preservation, evidently represent saws. They are, if 

 not neatly toothed, at least tolerably crenelated, so as to be as capable 

 of sawing as they are incapable of cutting or cleaving. Moreover 

 there is nothing else in Switzerland that could have been used as a 

 saw, whilst bones, deer horn, and even stone, are frequently found 

 with the mark of this instrument. In the North the saw is often rep- 

 resented by pieces of flint in the shape of a crescent, of fine workman- 

 ship, sometimes with well-defined teeth ; but this kind is wanting 

 altogether in Switzerland. Here, on the other hand, the splinters of 

 flint are frequently crenelated, whilst in the museums of the North 

 they are sometimes seen with a natural edge quite sharp and fresh, as 

 if they had not yet been used. 



At Waugen and at Moosseedorf have been found hatchets and wedges 

 of stone, especially of serpentine, bearing the mark of a saw. As the 

 rock did not split with a blow, as silex does, they were obliged to 

 resort to the much more laborious alternative of the saw to shape their 

 implements. Pieces commenced and others half finished display 

 clearly the manner of procedure. Having chosen a rounded pebble of 

 the desired rock, they began by sawing into it grooves of some milli- 

 metres (about four hundredths of an inch) in depth, which cleterm- 



1 Communicated by Mr. Silvius Chevannes. 



