Smithsonian Report, 1955. — Dart 



Plate 4 



Bones from Makapansgat gray breccia illustrating their adaptabilit)- as tools. All except 

 the lower jaw of a hyena (second row from bottom, right side) came from antelopes. The 

 size is indicated by the centimeter scale. Upper row, two horns of gazelle t\'pes, curved 

 and straight (useful as picks or digging tools), an uhia (natural dagger form), and the distal 

 or lower end of an upper arm bone or humerus (club or pounding tool). Second row, two 

 lower jaws with serrated teeth that served as cutting tools (saws and knives). Third row 

 (left), the natural scraper formed by the upper jaw, and (right) the ripping tool formed by 

 the hyena lower jaw. Bottom, shoulder blade or scapula whose broad blade forms an ax 

 or a shovel according to its manner of use. (Photo b\- Alun R. Hughes.) 



