352 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1965 



hope that eventually the heart may be bypassed for various types of intracardiac 

 procedures. Blind procedures to correct intracardiac diseased valves represent 

 a great step forward in surgery. Large numbers of patients have been relieved 

 of their symptoms by these methods. It is probable, however, that a much more 

 precise and exact corrective procedure can be performed on these deformed valves, 

 if they can be exposed and the surgery done under direct vision. There is prac- 

 tically no surgical procedure carried out in any part of the body, aside from the 

 heart, that is not under direct vision. (Dodrill, 1954.) 



This "last frontier of surgery" is now being explored, and will un- 

 doubtedly soon be conquered. The original Dodrill-GMR mechanical 

 heart is preserved in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C, 

 not only as a monument to the team that designed and employed the 

 first successful apparatus of this type for the complete bypass of the 

 human heart, but as a monument to the combined efforts of medical 

 and engineering research in general, and in particular to all scientists 

 who have contributed to the exploration of this "frontier." 



The authors are indebted to the following authorities for their as- 

 sistance in checking the accuracy of the technical details of this article : 

 Drs. F. D. Dodrill, John H. Gibbon, Jr., Erwin H. Ackerknecht, and 

 James Watt, and Messrs. Ernest Guy, Morris C. Leikind, and E. V. 

 Rippingille. 



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