436 



ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1965 



the centrencephalic system and the patient reports that he feels or 

 hears or sees something, the nature of the sensation depending on 

 the area selected. But the sensation that he experiences does not 

 resemble things he sees or feels or hears m everyday life. Instead, it 

 is a crude sensation such as simple lights and colors or a tingling of 

 the fingers or a rmging sound. 



But the sensory and motor elaborations of function are not the only 

 uses of the cerebral cortex. There are large areas that are devoted 

 to what may be called psychical function, particularly in the anterior 

 frontal lobes and the temporal lobes. The most remarkable change 

 in brain form, passing up the scale from dog through monkey to man, 

 is the comparative enlargement of frontal and temporal lobes, and 

 there can be little doubt that this is associated with man's supremacy 

 in the intellectual sphere. 



SUPPLE MENTARY 



VOCALIZATION and 

 SPEECH 



VISION< 



CONTRALATERAL 



Figure 2. — Localization of some of the functional areas of the cortex. (From Penlield, VV., 

 Observations on cerebral localization of function. IV. Compt. Rend. Congres Neuro- 

 logique International, Paris, 1949, vol. 3, 1949.) 



During the past 20 years it has been my good fortune to discover 

 from time to time that similar stimulation of the temporal lobe cortex 

 occasionally produced a psychical response, something of a different 

 order from the motor or sensory effects previously described. 



The patient might exclaim in sudden surprise that he heard music, 

 or that he heard a well-known person speaking, or that he saw some- 

 thing he had seen before, or that he was himself taking part in a 

 former experience in which he was himself an actor. 



At such times the patient continued to be aware of the fact that he 

 lay upon the operating-room table, and yet the recollection continued, 

 in spite of himself, as long as the electrode was kept in place, to vanish 

 instantly when the electrode was withdrawn. Brief examples may 

 be given. 



