APPENDIX TO THE REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 137 



Grande, aud between that aud tlie Hue of the Atchison, Topeka 

 and Santa Fe Ivailroad. AVe also macje a comi)lete coHeetion of pot- 

 tery, &c., at this point. From here we continued our joiuiiey up tlie 

 Eio Grande to the pueblo of San Felipe. Here we also spent several 

 days making illustrations aud collections. We theu returned to Santa Fe, 

 from where a special tri}) was made, via the railway, to the pueblo of 

 Isleta. At each of the i)ueblos a suflicient time was taken to make 

 investigations of all kinds in relation to the inhabitants, and to make a 

 full typical collection of all their utensils, fabrics, &c., illustrating their 

 industries, &c. 



There are very many details and specimens of special interest which 

 can only be presented after an examination of the sketches, photo- 

 graphs, aud specimens. 



The object of greatest interest to the jjarty was the discovery of a 

 class of ruins occupying a large area of country about 45 miles west of 

 Santa Fe, and lying around the base of the Jemez Mountains, and be- 

 tween these mountains and the Fiio Grande. These ruins extend in a 

 semicircular manner from near Ildefonso around to the sources of the 

 Eio Jemez, and are in dei)th from 3 to 15 miles. The houses are ex- 

 cavated in the faces of i^erpendicular bluffs composed of a soft volcanic 

 tufa, very much resembling pumice stone ; each blulf is shaped in its 

 outlines somewhat like a horseshoe, the whole being situated in .series, 

 facing the river, and receding back from it, one above the other, toward 

 the Jemez Mountains. The accompanying i^encil sketches, by Mr. F. 

 G. Galbraith, and one of the photographs will convey an impression of 

 theii" appearance. From these ruins a large quantity of stone imi)le- 

 ments were collected. 



One other locality which came within view of the party, but which 

 was not examined for want of time, will prove of much interest. The 

 locality referred to is on either side of the Upper Jemez liiver, which 

 is bordered by numerous mesas from four to fifteen hundred feet in 

 height, and much broken or cut up by cailons which have in many 

 instances separated the mesas from each other. Located on the sum- 

 mits of these mesas we found twenty -seven villages in ruins, which we 

 could only see with our glasses from the summit of a high mountain. 

 The mesas on which these ruins are situated are so high and difficult 

 of access that many days would be required to explore a single oue 

 of them. 



In summing up the results of the work for the season, I can do no 

 more than to give a list of the collections and illustrations made. 



Fliotograj)lis. — Twenty-two 11 x 14 views representing the pueblos of 

 Taos, San Juan, Santa Clara, San Ildefonso, Pojanquiti, Tesuque, 

 Nambe, Cochiti, Jemez, Jemez Ruins, Silla or Zia, Santa Ana, Saudia, 

 Isleta, Santo Domingo, San Felipe, and Picoris. Twenty -oue 8x10 

 portraits, embracing the governors and other principal persons of the 

 Pueblo tribes visited. 



