BOTANY. 317 



ogiqiie one by Roumeguere, both strongly against the parasitical nature 

 of the lichens. In Grevillea, Cronibie, while in general discrediting 

 Schwendener's views, is unwilling to accept IMinks's theory with regard 

 to microgonidia, which he believes to be merely small i)articles having 

 a Brownian motion, as does also Nylander. The most extended work 

 on the nature of lichens published this year is an illustrated octavo of 

 about 250 pages by Minks, entitled Bas Microgonidium, in which his 

 well-known views are given in great detail. In the Am. Jour, of Science 

 Professor Tuckermau, in discussing the question of the gonidiaot lichens, 

 states thathehasobservedmicrogonidium-like masses in Parmelia tlllacea 

 Y.Jidvicans, and in the Bibliotheque Universelle Prof. J. Midler states 

 that he has seen microgonidia in two other si)ecies of FarmeUa. 



Finigi. — As usual an immense number of new species of fungi has 

 been described during the year, principally in a large number of small 

 papers scattered through the different journals. In addition to the 

 journals, such as Grevillea, Hedwigia, and Michelia, devoted exclusively 

 to cryptogams, there api^eared this year a new journal. Revue Mycolo- 

 gique, devoted exclusively to fungi. It is a large octavo, and is pub- 

 lislied quarterly under the editorship of M. Casimir Eoumeguere of Tou- 

 louse. 



In the United States several important papers appeared. The thirty- 

 first annual report of the New York State ]\Iuseum of Natural History 

 contains the report of the botanist, Mr. C. H. Peck, in which is em- 

 bodied a large amount of mycological matter, including an arrangement 

 of the Myxomycetes of New York according to Rostafinski's classification. 

 A second paper, read before the Albany Institute by Mr. Peck, is on the 

 United States Species of Lycoperdon. Besides these papers a number of 

 new species of American fungi have been described in the Botanical 

 Gazette by Peck, in Grevillea by Cooke and Ellis, and by Von Thuemen 

 in theBuU. Torrey Club and Revue Mycologique. A Californiau species, 

 Jlelvella Californica, is described and figured by W. Philips in the 

 Trans. Linn. Soc. In the Am. Quart. Micros. Journ. is a paper by F. B. 

 Hines, Observations on several forms of Sap roleg niece. Several works of 

 importance have appeared in Europe. The Mycographia of Cooke has 

 been continued, and the first volume brought to completion. Berkeley 

 and Broome have described new species from Queensland in the Trans. 

 Linn. Soc. The fourth part of Karsten's Mycologia Fcnnica has appeared, 

 including the Ilypodermii, Fkycomycetes, and Myxomycetes, also the Bis- 

 comyeetes of Gillet's Champignons de la France. Oudemans has i)ub- 

 lished several i^apers on fungi of the Netherlands in the Archives Neer- 

 landaises, and for Scotland one must note the Mycologia Scottica of 

 J. Stevenson. The Revue Mycologique contains a number of papers by 

 Roumeguere relating to fungi new to France, as well as some entirely 

 new species as Eupinia Pyrenaica. Hedwigia contains a number of 

 notices of Swiss fungi, by Winter, especially of fungi of the order Ure- 

 dineo). Besides papers already enumerated, Cooke has descriptions of 



