BOTANY. 321 



rROGKESS IN 1880. 



GENERAL. 



One of tbe important works published dnrino- the year is La Phjfogra- 

 iMe or the art of describing phints considered from dilierent points of 

 view, by A. Be Candolle. Besides tlie instructive considerations on 

 nomenclature and descriptions, there is given a list of principal herbaria 

 and the authentic collections which they contain. We must also mention 

 the Index perfectus ad Caroli TAnnaei species riaiiiaruin, nempe earum 

 primam editionem, by Baron F. von Mueller. A valuable newjournal 

 has appeared during the year, the Botanisches (76;>t/m/?^?«/^, edited by Dr. 

 Oscar Uhlworm, assisted by a number of specialists. It is issued weekly 

 by Tlieodor Fischer, Cassef, and luis for its object the i)resentation of 

 short reviews and notices of botanical works and society conimunici- 

 tions as soon as possible after their publication. The journal also in- 

 cludes a certain number of original communications. The number of 

 botanical text-books which hus appeared during the year is rather large. 

 We would mention first, Botany for HUjh Schools and Colleges, by Prof. 

 C. E. Bessey, which forms om^ of the American Sciem^e Series issued by 

 Henry Holt & Co. The book covers all the departments of botany, and 

 is copiously illustrated. An Historical Sketch of the Science of Botany 

 in North America from 1840-1858, by Frederick Brendel, is finished in 

 the xVmerican Naturalist for 1880. Of the numerous European text- 

 books mention should be made of N. J. C. Miiller's Ilandbnch derBofaull; 

 in two volumes; Eehdve's ie/ir^i/c/i der allgemeinen Botanil- ; Behrens's 

 Method Lelirhu eh der allgem. Botanil; and Warming's Pen aJmindelige 

 Botanih. 



VEGETABLE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 



The structure of sieve-cells has been treated in two papers by Janc- 

 zewski, and by Wilhelm. The distribution of stomata on the subterran- 

 ean parts of plants has been studied by Ilohnfeldt, and the Am. Natural- 

 ist contains a paper by W. K. Higby, on the Alioroscopio Crystals con- 

 tained in. Plants. On the subject of morphology of special plants, we 

 may mention A. F. W. Schimper's The Vegetative Organs of Prosopanche. 

 The Beitrage zur Biologic contains a paper by Klein, on the structure 

 of Pingidcnla alpina, an insectivorous plant. In the Proc. Eoyal Soc. 

 is a paper by Vines, on the Chemical Com2)osition of Aleurone-grains. 

 The aleurone grains in Pmmia are completely soluble in water; in some 

 other plants they are not. Aleurone grains are always surrounded by 

 an insoluble membrane wlych contributes to the formation of the net- 

 work which remains after the soluble parts have been removed. In a 

 paper on the Origin of Starch- grains, by Schimper, the writer expresses 

 views contrary to those formerly advanced by Naegeli, and he describes 

 S. ?dis.';;i 21 



